Peer On Peer And Peer Networking - 1061 Words

Abstract- In this paper we are going to review on Peer to peer networking being pursued by couple of research papers, to get an idea of latest upcoming technology on given topic. Peer to peer system is more than file sharing; it is a distributed application architecture that partitions task between peers. It common aspects are fault tolerance, Redundancy, Shared resources, decentralized management, self-administration and so on. In this research of project have five topics where give an overview results for better future. Index Term: Social Networking service, modelling, decentralized service, Semantic small world, Service Capacity. Social Networking Service based on Peer-to-Peer Network Introduction In this paper, an internet-based application wants a selection of requirements, i.e. security, extensibility, reliability, flexibility and Quality of services (QOS). To get all these required services they have to pay high cost. But, P2P (Peer to Peer) communication system gives much easier results for all kinds of distributed resources for accessing. For the most part, the P2P communication technology gives a support of sharing assets of clients on an assortment of wired or remote systems utilizing terminals of the clients under a universal situation. In other words, as the correspondence environment and an individual terminal s execution are enhanced, requests of substance sharing and administration interworking between diverse gadgets, whenever and anyplace, are expanding.Show MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Peer And Peer ( P2p )941 Words   |  4 Pages Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking is a network of computers that have the capability of being either a client or a server. Furthermore, P2P is the use of your own personal computer for the purpose of more than just basic client only tasks. Peers on a network are able to share resources, storage space, and processing power directly available to others hosts on the network without the need of a centralized communications model like the client/server model. Each user of the network is both a supplier andRead MoreHow Lan Can Use A Specific Lan For Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesprinters. Devices that are connected to a LAN enable the access of data from any machine that is connected to the network. LAN users can communicate with each other by chat or email. Compare and contrast the characteristics and the purposes of peer to peer LANs and client/server LANs. On a Client/server network, every computer has a different role; for example a client or a server. A server has been designed to distribute its resources within the client computers on the network. Servers are locatedRead MorePeer Cruelty and Bullying682 Words   |  3 Pagesthere are people all over the world being victimized by their peers. This phenomenon is romanticized, increases bullying occurrences. Ignorance towards the lives of others also causes an increase to this terrible event. Peer cruelty is a vicious cycle, that is sped up quite a lot by cellular devices and social networking. The actions of adults can add on to the matter, and make it worse, even when they try to help. This cycle of peer cruelty may never be completely stopped, but we can do many thingsRead MoreImpact Of Social Networking On The Classroom Of Criminal Justice Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesinteraction, is becoming less and less important as social networking has provoked false senses of connection, which may lead to negative physical or psychological predicaments. Who is your primary audience or reader? Why? Be detailed in your answer about your audience. My primary audiences are employees responsible for the management of online content, and professionals in the field of Criminal Justice that have an interest in the risks of social networking. Parents of children and young people aged betweenRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On A Large Scale Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesemployees responsible for the management of online content, and professionals in the field of Criminal Justice that have an interest in the risks of social networking. Parents of children and young people aged between eight and 17 years are incorporated as part of the audience. In general, I am targeting men and women that use social networking media to communicate. In a sentence or short paragraph, what is your thesis statement, including your angle? Write what will appear in your essay. The impactRead MoreComputer Network Platforms And Network Operating Systems935 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction A computer system that allows exchange of information, data and resource between two or more computers is called a computer network. The most common computer network architectures are peer-to-peer, client-server, and virtualisation. As programming and software, advancement has enhanced in the course of recent decades, so have computers turned out to be better at communicating on a network system. Network operating systems are designed primarily to support user administration, securityRead MoreThe Negative Impact Of Social Media852 Words   |  4 Pagesas a result of using a social networking site.† In this article, Norton uses logos, pathos, and ethos to explain his standpoint to his audience. Logos are used when Norton brings up the legal issues of social media such as privacy concerns. Bringing the reader into Norton’s own personal experiences of abuse and name-calling uses pathos. Finally, ethos are used indirectly in the article due to the fact that Norton is a writ er and has experience with social networking and the negative impact it canRead MoreCan Social Media Improve Literacy And Communication Skills?1021 Words   |  5 Pagesreceive from the social networking sites, text messaging, and blogs. The use of social networking sites and blogs are a new form of literature. The growth of the usage of social networking sites is surely increasing. It is inevitable to see that in plain sight, college students constantly checks their Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram, etcetera. It is becoming a big part of them. Instead of reading the actual newspaper or reading a book, they turn to their social networking sites to remain updatedRead MoreApplication Of A New Computer Network Linking All Of It D s Premises1682 Words   |  7 PagesNetworking is required to make accessible communication between computers possible by a network connection. Networking allows for many possibilities, such as accessing the internet, file sharing, file transferring and system communication. Throughout this assignment I will be attempting to provide information to facilitate the introduction of a new computer network linking all of ITD’s premises. In order to do this I intend to analyse the options available to assess which one, in my opinion isRead MoreSocial Networking Sites ( Sns )1207 Words   |  5 PagesHave you heard of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snap Chat, or Myspace? It is probably safe to say most of us have heard of one of these, if not all of these social networking sites (SNS). If by chance, you are unfamiliar with SNS, they are online based social exchange websites. Anyone can get a profile on anyone of the sites mentioned above with a valid email address, unless under the age of thirteen. (Phillips, 2007) SNS give an individual an area to create a profile, that allows them to place

The Vineyard Bed And Breakfast - 828 Words

Executive Summary The valley is well known for its beauty and concentration of vineyards and wineries. The Vineyard Bed Breakfast has two competitive advantages that will ensure profitability The other sustainable competitive advantage is the facilities, handcrafted and simply beautiful. The house and adjoining land are magnificent. Situation Analysis Marketing is critical to its success and future profitability The basic market need is a delightful BB serving the Eugene area. The physical structure that houses the BB has been specially engineered.. Market Summary . The Enchanted Vineyard Bed Breakfast will leverage this information to better understand who is served, their specific needs, and how The Enchanted Vineyard can better communicate with them. †¢ e target group is the geographic target of the city of Eugene with a population of 130,000 people. †¢ Another target population are travelers that typically come from the United States, however, approximately 10% are from other countries. Demographics †¢ Male and Female. †¢ Ages 35-55. †¢ College or graduate education. †¢ An income over $50,000. Behavior Factors †¢ Enjoys traveling for the sake of seeing new things and meeting people. †¢ Tend to use BBs when traveling instead of hotels. †¢ Enjoy meals at restaurants once a week. Market Needs The Enchanted Vineyard Bed Breakfast provides its customers with a beautiful, relaxing, luxurious, country setting bed breakfast. The Enchanted Vineyard Bed Show MoreRelatedBusiness Pl Enchanted Vineyard B Bairbed And Breakfast Essay837 Words   |  4 Pages Business Plan Enchanted Vineyard BBAirbed and Breakfast(AirBnB) Business Part A Business Profile Business activity The main purpose of opening our business is to rent the five bed rooms house which has newly renovated, to people who are traveling or weekend getaway customers with good pricethrough the https://www.airbnb.co.nz/website, which is very famous in all over the world. The enchanted vineyard Airbed Breakfast is a charming airbed and breakfast (BnB) located in the Matakana, Rodney,Read MoreCome tour Niagara’s Wine Route with winetourlimo.ca and see why they have grabbed the world’s700 Words   |  3 Pagesaward-winning wineries that dot Niagara-on-the lake. These wineries are located below the Escarpment and set in a scenic vista with vineyards and orchards that sweep across from the picturesque Niagara Parkway all the way to the shores of Lake Ontario. The Niagara region has been blessed with the perfect climate and geography that supports the growth of the vineyards and the wineries. The remarkable diversity that is offered to visitors, with the smaller boutique wineries to the fancier celebrityRead MoreDelamere Vineyard1723 Words   |  7 PagesDELAMERE VINEYARD CASE PROBLEM STATEMENT: Delamere Vineyard struggles to generate a consistent net income during the company’s quest for quality wine. Richard Richardson, owner, manager, and winemaker is concerned about the long term future of Delamere Vineyard. GOALS/OBJECTIVES: Develop the highest quality of Wine Richardson has been known for developing great wine and is constantly looking for ways to improve the overall quality. In 1994, customers even stated that his Reserve Pinot NoirRead MoreHotel Aborilities In Pessac, France1331 Words   |  6 Pageshomely house. It has a single room with two beds to accommodate up to four guests. This space is suitable for two couples, a family with children, or a group of friends. Quiet and close to the downtown area, this house is well-equipped to handle the needs of its guests. Guests here can access the back garden of the main house, where they can have a cup of tea or coffee leisurely. This property is located near the University of Bordeaux Campus, and the vineyards of Chà ¢teau Pape Clà ©ment. This accommodationRead MoreTourism Regions Of British Columbia1106 Words   |  5 Pagesthis area is most well known for containing its highest mountain, in addition to staggering waterfalls and the one true desert in Canada. There is a tremendous hist ory to the area, including its Aboriginal tribes, and the area is renowned for its vineyards and orchards, where the freshest produce and fine wine is made. 5. Northern British Columbia This enormous region is well known for its vast mountain ranges, rivers and plains, as well as rainforests and islands. The Queen Charlotte Islands areRead MoreThe Park Inn : Excellent Accommodations1024 Words   |  5 Pagesprominent Lexington families are buried, to Gratz Park Historic District where they will find Transylvania University and the Hunt-Morgan House, and to the Mary Todd Lincoln House. Accessible guest rooms with lovely antique furniture and four-poster beds. Even though Gratz Park Inn only has eleven guest rooms, every room is accessible via the wheelchair ramp at the entrance and the elevator near the front door. Each of the rooms is comfortably furnished with Tempur-Pedic mattresses, cable TV, 19thRead MorePersonal Experience: My Life as a Monk Essay example1337 Words   |  6 Pagesmorning we get dressed and just splash our face with water, make our bed and we are ready. Go to church at 2 Am, this was the first of eight times we had to go to church during the day. We went to the church dedicated to St. Peter. We went back to sleep from 3:30 to 4 Am when we woke up to go to church again. At 5 am we had private reading and prayer. We use this time to grow spiritually. We have church again at 6 Am followed by breakfast. At 7 am I go work making wine. We make wine by stomping the grapesRead MoreThe Benefits Of Rural Small Business Grant1110 Words   |  5 Pagesavailable. In this way you will know the ones that would work out for you budget and local wise. One rural business idea is related to agriculture. This is in fact growing to be number one in the industry. You can actually tour visitors to your vineyard or country garden. If you dont like farming, then you can invest on a land with natural areas. You can create a business that would tour guest for workshops or photo sessions. There are also local products that you can sell. There is what you callRead MoreWest Virginia and Washington State1351 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment of harsh, but haunting beauty. The Grand Coulee Dam, built across the Columbia River, created Lake Roosevelt as a reservoir and recreation area in 1941. Small communities around the lake create a perfect opportunity for building a bed and breakfast or finding a summer home to enjoy Washingtons temperate climate. Along the Pacific coast and the complex shoreline of Puget Sound, small towns and large cities dot the major thoroughfares like pearls on a string. Aberdeen, Port Angeles,Read MoreIndia s Promotion Of Wine Tourism4103 Words   |  17 Pagesthat create an inquisitive atmosphere among visitors during their visitation and / or stay at vineyards. The process of wine making involves harvesting processing of wine grapes, fermenting of grape juices and ultimately packing into bottles. The numerous steps involved in these two processes attract customers in great deal which lead to wine tourism. Wine Tourism is defined as â€Å"visitation to vineyards, wineries, wine festivals and wine shows for which grape wine tasting and /or experiencing the

Cloning Humans (1297 words) Essay Example For Students

Cloning Humans (1297 words) Essay Cloning HumansAnd the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into hisnostrilsthe breath of life; and man became a livingsoul . . . and He took one ofhis ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; and the rib, which the LordGod had taken from man, made He a woman and brought her unto man. -Genesis2:7 21-22 Human cloning is becoming one of the most controversial topics of ourtime. With recent technological breakthroughs, whole new fields are opening withamazing possibilities. Despite the great advantages that cloning can offerhumanity, there are just as many negative aspects of the technology, which havegiven way to large anti-cloning groups who are gaining ground as to the futureof this awesome power. In truth, cloning could very well be the best, or worstthing ever to happen to mankind. The possibilities of human cloning are vastindeed, but research in the area has been dramatically restricted in the UnitedStates and in some other countries. Pro-life groups t hat oppose free access toabortion have considerable political power, and were able to have all humanembryo research banned by the Reagan and Bush administrations in most of the1980s and the 1990s (religoustolerance). Although the ban was liftedduring the first days of Bill Clintons presidency, in 1997 he sent a bill tocongress marked immediate consideration and prompt enactment stating thatit would be illegal to create a human clone whether in private or publiclaboratories. Along with the US ban, nineteen European countries includingDenmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg,Moldova, Sweden, Macedonia, and Turkey, signed a protocol that would committheir countries to ban by law any intervention seeking to create human beingsgenetically identical to another human being, whether living or dead. It rulesout any exception to the ban, even in the case of a completely sterile couple. Britain and Germany however, did not sign this agreement. Germany claims thatthe protocol would be weaker than the anti-research laws they already have,while Britain strongly supports their decision to enforce freedom. Frenchpresident Jaques Chirac stated that Nothing will be resolved by banningcertain practices in one country if scientists and doctors can simply work themelsewhere. Despite all these obstacles, Dr. Richard Seed, a strong supporterof human cloning, caused uproar when he announced his plans to set up a clinicto clone human babies for infertile couples (CNN). We may not know theindividual or team who first performed cloning of human embryos, but the methodsused have been understood for many years and actually used to clone embryos ofcattle and sheep. It is likely this has already been successfully used on humanembryos in secret. Robert J. Stillman and his team at the George WashingtonMedical Center in Washington D.C. took 17 flawed human embryos, which had beenderived f rom an ovum that had been fertilized by two sets of sperm resulting inan extra set of chromosomes, and dooming the ovums future. The cells would haveeventually died no matter how they were treated. Stillmans experiment showedthat the best results could be obtained by interrupting the zygote at thetwo-cell stage, separating the cells, and placing them in separate dishes as toallow them to begin growing again. Many of these pairs were able to develop tothe 32-cell stage, but no further. They might have had the potential to developfurther and even mature into a viable fetus, except the original ovum wasdefective and would have died anyway. For ethical reasons, the researchersselected embryos that had no possibility of ever maturing. The main motive ofthe experiment seems to have been to trigger public debate on the ethics ofhuman cloning (religioustolerance). Dr. Steven Muller headed a panel in the USwhose mandate was to produce preliminary cloning guidelines. These would be usedby the federal National Institute of Health to decide which cloning research tofund. The panel recommended that studies be limited to the use of embryos thatdeveloped during in vitro fertilization procedures that had been performed toassist couples in conceiving. Often, extra zygotes are produced that are eitherdiscarded or frozen for possible future use. They further recommended that anystudies be terminated within fourteen days of conception. At that gestationalage, neural cord closure begins; this is the start the development of nervoussystem. The scientific community had deemed the actual act of cloning a mammalimpossible, until Dr. Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotlandachieved it in July of 1996. The success of his experiment was communicated tothe press on February 23rd 1997. Dolly, a seven month-old sheep, wasdisplayed to the media; she was the first large cloned animal using DNA fromanother adult. Since Dollys conception, the Institute has successfully clonedseven sheep of three breeds. The technique that they developed can probably beapplied to other domesticated mammals. On December 14 1998, researchers at theinfertility clinic at Kyeonghee University in Korea announced that they hadsuccessfully cloned a human. Scientists Kim Seung-bo and Lee Bo-yeon took anovum from a woman, removed its DNA and inserted a somatic cell from the same 30year old woman into the ovum. Their reports stated: We were able toconfirm division up to the fourth cell stage, the stage of embryo developmentwhen a test tube embryo is usually placed back in the uterus, where it thenfurther develops into a fetus. The goal of their research was not to clonea human, but to clone specific, genetically identical organs for humantransplant. They did not implant the clone into a human uterus because ofethical considerations. They destroyed it. The Korean Federation for theEnvironmental Movement immediately issued a statement criticizing the study. .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .postImageUrl , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:hover , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:visited , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:active { border:0!important; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:active , .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66 .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2addfa2301f0f82ba085545fd1ee8e66:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Spartan Women EssayMembers of the Life Safety Ethics Association held protest demonstrations infront of the University (religioustolerance). Despite popular belief, cloninghas been used since the early 1950s by farmers to ensure good crops using atechnique in which the nucleus of an egg cell is destroyed, and replace it witha nucleus from the cell of a higher organism. The egg will then grow into agenetic copy of the donor organism. While this process can ensure cropsidentical to a previous harvest, It will not work on mammals, because of thetiny size of the eggs (Clone). Possibilities for cloning include such things ascreating children for infertile couples, harvesting ge netic copies of organs toavoid rejection by the immune system in transplants, or even going as far as tocreate replacement children for parents who have lost someone in some sort ofaccident. Cloning may even hold the key to a cure cancer. The materials tocreate a laboratory can easily be purchased in most major countries at a fairlycheap price. A working cloning facility could be built in a garage with aslittle as $10000. In reality there is no way to prevent the cloning of a humanbeing. It would be better for someone, who is responsible enough to use thetechnology intelligently, than for someone to use the secret of cloning to thereown advantage (Kaku). All in all, human cloning could possibly be the mostsignificant event in human history. Should we take one road to atotalitarianistic society of genetically engineered clones like AldousHuxleys Brave New World, or a world in which parents can create designerchildren with the characteristics of their choice as in the movie Gattaca?Th e incredible power held within our genes could possibly lead to a perfectsociety where peace and happiness reign supreme, or it could very well lead tothe destruction of the human race itself. Bibliographyhttp://www.cnn.com. accessed 4-7-99. 19 Europeans Nations Sign Ban onHuman Cloning. Posted January 12, 1998 http://www.cnn.com. accessed 4-7-99. Clinton Act Draws Line At Human Cloning. Posted October 23, 1997 Hartl,Daniel L. Clone. World Book Encyclopedia. 1996. page 685 http://www.humancloning.org. accessed 9-1-99. Human Cloning Foundation. Kaku, Michiu. Visions. Anchor Books DoubleDay. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland. 1997. http://www.religoustolerance.com/cloning.htm. accessed 9-13-99. Cloning.

The Downfall of Pentheus The Clash of a Monarch and a God

Introduction: Pentheus, the Victim of Bacchanalia In his famous tragedy â€Å"The Bakkhai,† Euripides brings back the famous story of Pentheus and Dionysos. Although the mythology of the Ancient Greece is full of murder, the story of Pentheus’s death is one of the most shocking of all, which already says a lot, given the shocking brutality of Ancient Greek myths.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Downfall of Pentheus: The Clash of a Monarch and a God specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thesis statement Although it is traditionally considered that the key reason behind Pentheus’s death was his denial of Dionysos as a god, it can also be argued that Pentheus’s non-acceptance of Dionysos was only the factor, while the key reason behind his death was taking the tradition of bacchanalias away from the citizen, as well as his acceptance of a feminine role and the resulting mistakes in politic al strategy, as well as the fact that Pentheus obviously underestimated the power of the crowd. â€Å"The Bakkhai†: Summary and Mythological Background Though the tragic event known as the death of Pentheus, which was later on described by Euripides in his â€Å"the Bakkhai† is notoriously famous all over the world, recalling the key events will help analyzing the reasons behind Pentheus’s death more efficiently. Known as the monarch of the Thebes, Pentheus was against bacchanalias as very sinful and indecent events. After Pentheus captures Dionysos, the latter feels outraged and makes Agave lose her mind and join him. Trying to stop the mother, Pentheus attends the bacchanalia, but his insane mother murders him, thinking he was a lion. As soon as the bacchanalia is over, however, she realizes what she has done and cries. Dionysos turns Agave’s father into a dragon and her mother into a snake, exiling Agave and her sisters forever. The Reasons for Pentheu s’s Downfall: Where It All Started from Though the reasons for Pentheus’s defeat are obvious, there might be some arguments concerning his own fault in what had happened. Even though Pentheus should have given Dionysos more credit, there are other factors that predetermined Pentheur’s downfall. Pentheus’s refusal to accept Dionysos The given reason for Pentheus downfall seems the most obvious. Indeed, according to the plot of the tragedy, the monarch is murdered by his own mother in the midst of bacchanalia that has got completely out of control: AGAVE: Men are hunting us! We’ll fight themAdvertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More with our wands! (Euripides line 1000). To start with, unless Panthos had prohibited the tradition of bacchanalia and mocked Dionysos, the latter would have not feel the urge to take his revenge on Pentheus; his priestesse s and followers would have never become so enraged: [†¦] Here’s the truth: He’s a ‘god’ lightning burned up with his mother as a punishment for her great lie (Euripides lines 358–360) Therefore, the bacchanalia feats would have not become so uncontrollable; in her turn, Pentheus’s mother would have not decided to join the protesting Bacchantes and, therefore, would have never gone so insane that she would devour her own son. Playing a more feminine role: Pentheus’s retreat It could also be argued that the downfall of Pentheus can be explained by the change in his policy as a monarch. If comparing the Pentheus of the first part of the story and the Pentheus that the readers encounter in the final part of the poem, one will see that these two have nothing in common with each other. The Pentheus that the readers see at the start of the poem is strong, powerful and confident:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Downfall of Pentheus: The Clash of a Monarch and a God specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I have arrested a handful already, They’re tied up now in a public stable (Euripides 336–337). However, the Pentheus that appears in the final part of the poem is weak and doubting, performing a role that can be viewed as much more feminine: DIONYSOS: [†¦] hallucination fed his desires. That was how I humiliated him (Euripides 854–856). Such weakness cost Pentheus a life.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the power of the crowd is underestimated Another reason for Pentheus to lose not only his throne, but also his life was the fact that he underestimated the power of the crowd. Considering himself above the people who technically were his subjects, he made a huge mistake. Once a crowd is out of control, there is nothing that a single person can do – the crowd will smash the person and continue protesting until it finally gets what it wants: their voices swelling together, then the whole mountain started to dance for Bakkhos (Euripides lines 995–996) Dionysos, his pride and his inferiority complex It would be wrong, however, to believe that Dionysos was the only person to blame for what had happened; no matter how weird and irrational his actions might have become, there was still another person who actually had a lot to deal with the bacchanalia. As long as Dionysos felt that he was underestimated and, in fact, was not considered a legitimate member of the Greek Pantheon, he would feel the urge to take his revenge on the people who were standing in his way. Therefore, Dionysos’ inferiority complex can also be considered the reason for Pentheus’s downfall: DIONYSOS: But you, Pentheus, can be certain That the God you call â€Å"dead† – Is Dionysos, a god so real He’ll make you answer for every Outrage you do to him. . (Euripides lines 718–722) Indeed, if Dionysos had not felt the urge to prove his divinity, he would have never gone so far as to make Pentheus’s mother kill her own son. The more power one has, the more responsible one becomes, realizing that his powers can be the source of not only justice, but also grief and sorrow if used irresponsibly. Therefore, Dionysos obviously lacked self-assurance and responsibility, which cost Pentheus his life. Discussion: Picking the Most Legitimate Reason When defining the point at which Pentheus’s fate becomes obvious, one must admit that Pen theus died because of his refusal to accept Dionysos as a god. If Pentheus did not prohibit bacchanalias, he would have stayed alive and would not have had been torn limb to limb to the enraged bacchantes. However, unless Dionysos would not have felt the urge to establish himself as a god, there would have been no conflict between him and Dionysos, which means that the inferiority complex of the latter serves as a prerequisite to the tragedy. Conclusion: Pentheus and His Untimely Death Though it is generally accepted that Pentheus was murdered by his mother as a result of his refusal to accept Dionysos, it can also be claimed with certainty that the cause of Pentheus’s death was prohibiting the bacchanalian feasts to honor Dionysos. On the one hand, it is clear that Pentheus’s stubbornness led to his tragic and untimely death. On the other hand, it would be a mistake to think that the denial of Dionysos was the only reason for Pentheus’s downfall. Also caused by the politics that Pentheus preferred to rule the land, the moods that were brewing among the Dionysos’s adepts, and many other reasons, this death is a graphic example of an unreasonable policy that lacked wisdom and caution. That said, the death of Pentheus still remains one of the most notorious monarch deaths in the Greek mythology. Works Cited Euripides. â€Å"Bakkhai.† Classical Tragedy, Greek and Roman. Ed. Robert W. Corrigan. New York, NY: Applause Theater and Cinema Books, 1990. Print. 367–431. This essay on The Downfall of Pentheus: The Clash of a Monarch and a God was written and submitted by user Kali Kirk to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Heart Disease (Heart disease and common heart dissorders)

Heart Disease (Heart disease and common heart dissorders) A heart disease includes any disorder that affects the way that the heart normally functions. Heart diseases have many causes, some of these include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and physical inactivity. Although there have been dramatic improvements in the treatment and prevention of heart diseases the numbers of sufferers and deaths of heart disease are still increasing each year. Heart disease is the number one killer in Australia causing over 50% of the total deaths each year.Smoking is one of the most common causes that lead to heart disease. Latest estimates in Australia say that around 18,000 people die each year form tobacco related diseases. The major factor of smoking leading to heart disease is the chemicals contained in tobacco smoke, which include tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. In terms of the heart the nicotine and carbon monoxide of tobacco smoke causes a lot more damage than the tar in cigarette smoke.Pandemic of Lifestyle DiseasesNicotine makes t he heart beat faster which increases its need for oxygen. It also reduces the blood supply to tissue cells by narrowing the blood vessels. Carbon monoxide reduced the amount of oxygen that the blood is able to carry to body and heart. So while the nicotine is making the heart pump quicker and need more oxygen the Carbon monoxide is reducing the oxygen supply to the heart.High cholesterol is the best known contributing factor leading to heart disease. Cholesterol is not always a bad thing. At normal levels it is essential for our bodies as it is used to build cell walls and is also used to produce hormones.Cholesterol is a white fat like plaque that builds up on the walls of the arteries. This build up can end up causing a complete blockage which can lead to a heart...

Interview paper Essay Example

Interview paper Essay Example Interview paper Essay Interview paper Essay Interview Paper Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Interview Paper I interviewed Miss Catherine Smith, a marketing manager at a local beverage company. She has worked for the company for six years in a managerial position thus accumulating experience in decision-making. Most of the time the company looks up to her to come up with ways of improving the sales of their products that are a crucial factor in profit making. She has responsibilities such as, ensuring customer satisfaction, pricing strategies, research on market trends, coordinating recruitment of staff in her department and advertising and promotion of the company’s products. On a daily basis, she makes managerial decisions that affect the company economically and through other aspects. Being in a competitive business, she has to be careful on the kind of decisions she makes especially because her job is directly linked to the product and the consumers. The interview began with questions about my coursework and the reasons for our discussion. Having explained to her in my request for the interview, I was a bit taken aback by her inquisition of the details. I gave her a detailed summary of what I was undertaking and informed her that the interview was for my coursework. Due to her background in economic studies, she was quick to offer me a few pointers on what to major in and how to approach the job market later. Throughout the interview, she kept pausing to attend to some urgent work but resumed almost immediately. Prior to the interview, I had prepared a series of questions on a number of topics. These questions were in the form of a questionnaire. This was to guide me in the making of my final paper. The main themes were based on how the company’s strategies are affected by the decisions she makes concerning economics. Economic decisions are those that deal with financial aspects of a business and how resources are divided among different functions (Baker, 112). In this case, the decisions being made involve the allocation of resources to her marketing department. I asked about the decisions she makes regularly, what influences them and their consequences. The company’s business strategies include its future prospects, market competition, availability of resources, the business environment and the expectations of their stakeholders. According to Catherine, she makes decisions influenced by current economic status of the company, the need for profit maximization, consumer trends and market structure. Concerning the company’s economic status, she has to evaluate whether the company can be able to withstand certain decisions that require financial assistance. For instance, when she has to run an advertisement campaign, she must confirm with other relevant departments to ascertain the financial position of the company. As much as advertising helps to connect with their consumers, the resources of the company have to be considered in line with its business strategies. At all times, the company should maintain a certain level of resources that help in the running of its daily activities. In such an event, she has to consult prior to running the campaign, which involves the aspect of management planning. This way, the company benefits from her decision and the business strategy remains unaffected. However, the aim is not to affect the business strategies, it is to ensure that the actions taken by management should develop or implement these strategies often done through strategic management. Profit maximization is the main aim of the company’s operations. Almost every action taken seeks to advance the company’s profit to the highest possible level (Lantos, 60). As the marketing manager, she is tasked with this responsibility as she deals with securing a market for their products. This is not to imply that she is the sole determinant of the company’s profit, because hers is not the only department and all of them have to coordinate to achieve the goals of the company. Catherine mentioned that she makes such decisions most of the time, those that intended for maximizing profit. Having to deal with how the company’s products penetrate the market is not an easy job. It involves a lot of work, and she often requires the assistance of other departments. As one of her tasks, she determines the price of their products. This is done after a rigorous research on consumer buying trends, consumer income and the prices set by their competitors. These factors often influence how a commodity’s price is set (Hitt, Robert, 284). The price has to be put in such a way it does not cause losses, or else her decision making will be put in question. All the activities involved with price control such as the research require some money. The manger therefore drafts a budget and delivers it to the finance department for consideration. The amount of money accorded to them helps her to decide on the methods and tools to be used for the research. One business strategy of the company is to remain competitive. The interview revealed that marketing greatly determines competition. For instance, Catherine cited that the prevailing prices in the market help to place the company at a certain level with its competitors. As she makes her decisions, she has to ensure that they are within the goals that these strategies hope to achieve. She explained to me that competition is important in determining whether the company is making profit or not. It also provides knowledge on what advantage if any, the company has over its competitors and how it can be manipulated to increase profit. Additionally, competition helps in the identifying of possible markets. The marketing manager always has to monitor such matters not only as part of her job description but as a participant in fulfilling the vision of the company. Economic decisions in marketing also have an effect on the future of the company. The company like every other organization puts into consideration its direction in terms of whether it is achieving what it intended. She went further to explain to me the company’s expectations, which include establishing itself as one of the leading beverage companies based on quality of products and market share. Therefore, the company constantly evaluates and reviews its progress through various ways such as conducting market surveys. Again, the marketing department is put under spotlight, as it is important in determining the company’s position in the market. The marketing manager has to give an account of how things are as they are, and mostly they are so because of the decisions she ha made. The future prospects of the company entail how much profit they would have made during a certain period (Hirschey, 632). Both the production and marketing teams are liable for this aspect of the company, as in practically. The production team should ensure quality commodities are made while marketers decide on how best to satisfy their customers and still earn extra money. Tough decisions therefore have to be made and consideration put into the consequences of these decisions. The recruitment of staff to the marketing department is done by human resource department after a prompt from the marketing manager. I had asked if it was within her mandate to make such a decision. According to company policy, anyone recruited to her department had to be interviewed by the marketing manager. Although the sourcing for possible candidate was done by the human resource section, the rest was left to her discretion. This is because she knew the kind of skills she required under her department, as it was an important one in the company. This concluded our interview session and we proceeded to discuss why managerial decisions are crucial to any organization’s success. The information I gathered indicated a relation between these decisions and the business strategies of an organization. Most managers are employed to advance certain business strategies hence each decision they make should reflect this (Sekhar, 14). However, these decisions can only be successful if they are of good quality and have been executed effectively. These decisions help in building trust and confidence in both consumers and employees. If consumers are satisfied with a product, they tend to buy it more, which is advantageous to any company. Employees gain confidence in the company they work for if their managers make good decisions that guarantee stability in the future. Conclusively, the interview helped me to understand my coursework better and gain some knowledge of how things work behind the scenes to make an organization successful. Most of the decisions that managers make are not publicized but they reflect in the consumers’ reaction to their company’s products. The interview was definitely an eye opening experience.

Multinational Culture and Development of a Dominant Market Player Essay

Multinational Culture and Development of a Dominant Market Player - Essay Example Rather, the process is much more akin to a learning curve through which each and every organization/firm/company must contend. Due to this non-uniformity, each and every firm experiences different levels of success with their attempts to make the difficult transition from that of a successful firm to that of a fledgling multinational. However, it can be argued that if there were such a thing as a single determinant that expressly assured a degree of multinational success it would be those companies that retain a healthy and vibrant culture that pervades every sector of their company and product/service offerings (Lashinsky 2005, p. 80). Such a statement will, of course, be corroborated by this analysis; however, even cursory examinations of a litany of multinational corporations that have succeeded share this common denominator towards eventual success. Moreover, the degree to which Sony focuses its energies on innovation and product development/change will also be discussed. Finally , a thorough examination of the ways in which company culture serve as a type of feedback loop into the items that have previously been listed, compounding, reinforcing, and encouraging the firm to even higher exemplifications of business success will be discussed and analyzed.

The Dynamics of Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Dynamics of Employee Relations - Essay Example Historical Perspective In Britain’s history, three industrial relations systems have dominated during three distinct time periods. The collective laissez-faire system gave rise to trade unionism and industry bargaining, which lasted from about 1890 to 1960; crisis, reconstruction, and technological advances that led to mass layoffs and wage restraints between 1960 and 1980; and the single European market, deregulation, and erosion of economic autonomy, that led to the individualisation of industrial relations after the 1980s and until the present (Howell, 2000). The period 1890 to 1945 saw the most important developments in the role played by collective bargaining and trade unionism. Even prior to the 20th century, there were significant pieces of legislation passed that impacted on the legal obligations between employers and employees, such as the Employers Liability Act of 1880. By the 1900s a â€Å"new unionism† emerged that was characterized by more active union act ivity (particularly the use of strikes and â€Å"picketing†) and an increase in the number of members, accompanied by an increase in the employers’ recourse to the courts to file cases against trade unions. Generally, however, court rulings tended towards relaxation of the law in favour of the labour unions (Brodie, 2003). The entry of Britain into World Wars I and II created exigencies that impacted on government’s labour relations policy. Because of the importance of continued productivity to ensure an unhampered supply of the basic necessities, as well as the implements of war, the government took the stance that restrictive practices that tended to cause friction between employers and employees should be reduced, and cooperation ensured between them. This necessitated heavy government intervention. This was seen by labour as a relinquishment of some of their hard-won concessions. Initially this was left to voluntary means, but when this strategy failed, the state resorted to legislation that controlled profits, froze wages, banned strikes and lock-outs, and suspended restrictive practices. (Brodie, 2003). The post-war period, until the 1960s and 1970s, saw a bid to return Britain to its pre-war socio-economic normalcy. The policy pursued was consistent with the control exerted by the government during World War II, which was seen as highly successful and instrumental in tiding the country through the war. The Keynesian economic theory of state planning and intervention put into effect was accompanied with enhanced power for labour, which was warily greeted by industry. Some capitalists saw some wisdom in the strategy of the Labour government for economic regeneration through increased intervention, but stressed that this intervention must be tempered by â€Å"insulation from working class demands† (Price, 1990, p. 214). For the most part, however, capitalists held little sway over government policy at this time, with trade union ism being accorded

The outbreak of war in Europe in 1914 was due to an aggressive German foreign policy which had been waged since c.1900 Essay Example for Free

The outbreak of war in Europe in 1914 was due to an aggressive German foreign policy which had been waged since c.1900 Essay How far do you agree with this opinion? Explain your answer using the evidence in Sources V, W and X and your own knowledge of the issues relating to the controversy. It’s debatable whether Germany’s foreign policy created long term tension which led to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914. The argument commonly raised is whether this movement was aggressive or defensive and how this stemmed from c.1900. Berghahn’s representation argues that it was both domestic and foreign policies which led to war however not from as early as c. 1900. Blackburn’s representation counters this and states it was in fact international tensions prior to c.1900 which created the war; despite the fact it states their actions were defensive. Lastly Moses’ representation suggests it was not just Germany to blame and Austria were also partly responsible. Berghahn’s argument is the strongest as it has a clear argument and both supports and challenges the claim. Overall it’s clear the outbreak of the war was caused by Germany’s aggressive foreign policy in the long term since c.1900. The strongest representation agrees with the given statement in that the aggressive foreign policy was responsible. Blackbourn states that long term aggression since the 1890s did lead to the war, and that the admiral Tirpitz built the battle fleet, purposely ‘aimed at the British’ suggesting an aggressive attitude. In 1898 a new naval law proceeded through Flottenpolitik by Tirpitz suggesting a larger navy is necessary to defend and prevent war with opposing fleets. This competition with Britain continued and in 1906 the naval race reached a new level when the British created the HMS Dreadnaught, a new battleship which carried 10, 12 inch guns. This suggests long term international tension created through the naval race which stemmed prior to 1900, agreeing with the statement. Secondly Berghahn states that the Army Bill of 1913, had ‘unleashed yet another major conflict’, another aggressive move imposed by the Germans. The Army Bill was created from the Balkans War of 1912 when the Germans aimed to increase troops by 170,000 and although the French and Russians also improved their troops by increasing the length of compulsory service; the entente powers were also rapidly developing. This supports Blackbourn’s representation through the long term aggression methods originally developed to protect themselves, which could be seen either aggressively or defensively. However by 1913 it was apparent a war was near which indicates an aggressive plan to defend. Lastly Moses’ representation suggests that Germany planned to ‘unleash a war’ only a month previous to the Sarajevo murder. This overall indicates only to a short term planned aggression which both agrees and challenges the claim. The Schlieffen plan supports this idea, acting as the first aggressive move played by the Germans in 1914. This attempted to remove France before Russia mobilises to further help Germany when the war proceeded. Moses representation supports the idea of an aggressive German foreign policy however only from a much shorter time scale. To summarise Blackbourn’s idea of long term aggression is the strongest representation out of the three, due to support from other sources as well as further evidence. Another viewpoint is that of Berghahns, which suggests that Germany used the ‘escape forwards’ plan as a way of solving all domestic issues and thus being able to resolve foreign issues too. ‘The diplomatic isolation of Germany which started in 1904 had worsened the generals could only think of further rearmaments expenditure as a remedy’. Germany had many domestic problems which led to them being divided both politically and socially. Unemployment was high in Germany at this point and the industrial revolution also meant that strikes were occurring often. And in 1912 election the SPD challenged the Elites, which led to further division within society. These domestic issues involved over time which suggests that Germany were looking for a way out of their isolation, however it challenges the claim as this result wasn’t intentionally violent. Moses’ representation counters this as he states it was more so international tensions which caused the controversy , the shorter time period mentioned of summer 1914 also suggests that the domestic reasons had little or no involvement behind the planning as they had stemmed prior to this. The weakening of the Triple Alliance supports this and shows the tension between Austria /Hungary and Germany. Blackbourn’s representation agrees with Berghahns and states that ‘they would have preferred to get what they wanted without war’ and also that Tirpitz ‘professed peaceful intentions’ regarding the battle fleet. This suggests all aggressive actions were completed in a defensive manner in order to protect and maintain Germany. Blackbourn agrees that all Germany wanted was peace however the only way they managed this was through war. Overall it’s clear that part of Germany’s intentions were for resolving domestic problems; however it’s debatable that this wasn’t the primary reason for Germany’s outbreak of war in 1914. The final viewpoint of Moses suggests that it was the role of other powers and primarily Austria and Hungary. The friction between the two allies persisted during the entire war and ‘flared up every time there was a military crisis’ Immediately before the war the heir to the Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand was shot by a member of the Serbian Black Hand gang, this conflict between Austria and Serbia increased when several ultimatums issued by Austria were declined. This assassination in Sarajevo was the breaking point and the last stage before war broke out. Berghahn agrees and suggests that Germany felt isolated and encircled and that ‘the weakening of the position of the Dual Alliance’ caused another major conflict. The friction initiated from the feud in the Balkans which challenges the claim as this occurred only in 1912. However the alliance between Germany and Austria was created in 1879. The Balkans war caused a lot of new conflict and increased old friction, emphasising the time for war was near. This suggests that it was Germany’s aggressive foreign policy which led to the war, but also the role of international aggression too. Blackbourn’s representation strongly agrees with Moses and states that ‘German actions going back to the 1890s had done much to create international tension’. This agrees with the claim that not only was it a long term aggression but also that it was mainly international. Although a few years later, this is supported by the Moroccan Crisis which saw tensions rise between France and Germany who fought for half a dozen years over the possession of Morocco. Germany failed numerous times at claiming the country despite many aggressive attempts. Overall its clear many viewpoints believe that Germany wasn’t singly responsible for the aggressive outbreak of war in 1914 and much evidence prior to c.1900 supports this. To conclude it’s clear that Blackbourns main argument of an aggressive outbreak due to Germans foreign policy is the most supported response. Both Moses’ and Berghahn’s representations support this claim and argue that although Germany had many domestic problems these weren’t the factor which led to the outbreak of war in 1914.

Somewhere to call home :: essays research papers fc

Somewhere to call home The Middle of Somewhere stresses the important facts of racism and equal rights among human beings. This interesting and compelling story is about an African family who fought the government for what they believed was right. In the times of segregation, the white people pushed around the blacks. It was the few blacks that chose to stand up for themselves and fight back for what they believed in. â€Å"The middle of somewhere†. If spoken aloud, it makes you think. This must be a place where you call home. Somewhere where you feel safe and where everything around you is comfortable. In the novel, Rebecca and her family always talk about Pofadderkloof. Pofadderkloof is the place where the whites want to move all the black people of the village in order to replace the area with a white suburb. They tell the black people that in Pofadderkloof the houses will be larger and will have a running tap. Also, they will have two bedrooms and a stove. Rebecca’s family was the only family to know that they were telling all lies just to get them to move. When Rebecca’s best friend, Noni and her family move to Pofadderkloof, she is hurt to the point of crying everyday. When a member of Noni’s family actually notices that everything that was told to them were all lies, she goes back to the village on foot for about two days to tell everyone. She refers to Pofadderkloof as â€Å"the middle of nowhere†, because of the one-bedroom houses and miles of dry plain with no markets or available jobs. Pretty soon, the whole village comes together and forms a c ommittee to help each other for what is right. They don’t want to go to the middle of nowhere. There want to stay home in the village, in the middle of somewhere. In the middle of somewhere is home; that’s where everything feels right. The village was the home to many, but it was a key part in Rebecca’s family’s life. To Rebecca, home was everything to her. She loved going home after school to play hopscotch, or jumping rope in front of her house with her friends near the beautiful jacaranda tree. When she heard that bulldozers were coming to tear her house down, she was terrified. She couldn’t sleep at night. It was all she could think about.

National University of Singapore Personal Statement

Having a degree is one of the most admired achievements in the life of an individual. It is the basis of how your future will be. If you have a nice and much known degree then you have the greater chances of being hired the moment you graduate. I chose to apply Business Management and Communications and News Media in this University for I believe that National University of Singapore is going to help me build my future and dreams through their much established curriculum and high standards.I know that Business Management and Communications and News Media really fit me for the reason that I have lots of experience that has polished my character, intelligence and attitude. I chose Psychology because I believe that this can help me have a brighter future. Basically, this course is a lot of fun. Studying business, about how to communicate effectively and things about News Media would also help me develop the attitude or the character on how to deal with people in such a manner that is we ll educated and proper. Having a degree in this course will help me get the best job being offered in the society. I know having this degree will let me become more productive.There were certain experiences I have had in relevance with my chosen course. One of those was when I was part of the play, The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde; where in I was Gwendolyn, one of the main characters. I have always loved theater, especially acting. Gwendolyn Fairfax in this play portrayed a conservative Victorian. She always aims on being intellectually updated, where in she upgrades her skills and knowledge by attending conventions and the like. But the only thing is that she isn’t true. She was not her real self, she was just acting out what she thinks would be good and acceptable.Gwendolyn in this play is a strong willed and aggressive woman for what she feels she expresses it immediately. She was an epitome of grace and beauty among women. I can very much connect with Gwendo lyn; I know what my principles and values are. I never compromise my reputation. I am also strong willed and assertive in the sense that when I know that I am on the right track, I am never afraid to go and pursue it. All the qualities that Gwendolyn has that I can easily relate like her being strong willed, assertive but still compose and decent, applies to my chosen course.Through this experience I had in the play, was just one of the stepping stone for me to polish my character or attitude especially with regards to being patient. Being patient with my co- members in the play and the long time hours in practicing the play in order to come up with the best. I never settle for less. I always want to achieve the best. I never want mediocrity. I believe I can apply all these values in my chosen course.I am also teaching in our Sunday school in a local church. I am teaching children ranging from 6 – 9 yrs old. Through this experience I never forget that Religion is also importa nt. It was important before but it is much important today.Religion involves the relationship between mankind and what is regarded as sacred. Religion almost always includes the belief in the supernatural and a code of ethical behavior. Why do men suffer? What is the nature of the Universe and how it is governed? What is the nature of man and what is his destiny? Religion tries to answer the questions of ultimate existence and of life and death and human and destiny. Many religions hold the universe is governed by God. Through religion man may see meaning in the universe and find a personal role in it.Thousands of years ago, religion played a very vital role in the lives of the people. Even thought that time things were not that so complicated not like now, people still has a closer connection to God. People then put a greater emphasis on going to church, fellowshipping with their brother’s and sister’s and in maintaining their relationship with their creator.As of now , in our present times I think that Religion is ten times important than it was before. As the modern world is evolving and is now being introduced to different kinds of beliefs and theories that could likely shake our foundation of faith for God. The basis and the only foundation of our faith is Jesus Christ. We must hold on to him more especially these days that there are many deceivers out there that are being used by the enemy to destroy us and to keep us away from the loving arms of God.When we don’t have a strong foundation of our relationship to God, we can easily yield to the temptations and offerings that Satan will present to us, like the technology of today. If we don’t know how to control the usage of technology of today, we can be manipulated and controlled by it. That is just one of the tactics of Satan to let us fall into the pit he is preparing for us, for us to be kept away from God’s destiny for us.We are free to choose what we want to do, but we are not free to determine if what he have chosen is good or evil, right or wrong. Our choices may be good or bad insofar as they conform to God’s divine and eternal law and the imperatives which are made known to us through the mediation of conscience that God has bestowed in spirits. In my life I have made many decisions that brought great changes to me as an individual. There are times that I am very doubtful to make a choice especially in a very hard situation. But whenever I am in doubt to make a choice, I just listen to my conscience for me to determine and scrutinize what is really the right thing for me to do.A mature moral decision is not only a decision to make a good deed that â€Å"we ought to do† but also a â€Å"choice made in good faith to make what we want ourselves to be†.   The dignity of the human person implies and demands the rectitude of the moral conscience; that is, it’s being based on truth, which is God’s word. One mus t seriously seek a right conscience or, in other words, one must try to make sure one’s moral judgment is right. This can be achieved by diligently learning the laws of moral life through spiritual formation, asking God for light through a fervent prayer, removing the obstacles to right judgment such as habitual moral disorder or bad habits, and lastly is examining yourself.As I grew up and experienced lots of circumstances, I have now a more grown up approach of making choices. I just do not base my decisions with my feelings at that very moment. I see to it, that whatever outcome after I have made my move, I will still be strong and able to stand up. I will be able to stand firm with my decision. I see to it that it will have more advantages than the disadvantages. I weigh the pros and cons of every circumstance that I am into in which I am task to decide things with. I have learned that not all delightful things are right, for there are also hurtful and unpleasant things t hat turned out right also.Making moral decisions demands maturity and responsibility. To seek to understand reality, to be attentive to the wisdom of the past, to discern the biases and demands of a particular situation- all these efforts are required of a matured individual. Through this experience that I had as a Sunday school teacher, I am able to impart my knowledge about my faith in God towards those who do not know him. In relation to my chosen course, it will help me not compromise especially when graduate from Business Management and Communications and News Media. It will help me become an efficient worker in the area that I will be assigned. I can be a model towards those who are educated yet do not know their real purpose and the intent of their chosen field.I also participated in a national racing competition and won 3rd place. It was my first racing competition where I competed with fifty plus racers, most of them were men. But I still succeeded them because of my drive to win. I never thought that I am weak because I am a woman. I proved them wrong, as I also loved sports. I am a multi tasked individual, I can balance things that I am very much inclined with like in the Academics and Sports.Through the competition, I have proved to myself that I can also do what others can achieve. That gender can not dictate you from achieving, from dreaming. If you want to, then you should have the great drive and interest. I like competition and I do not give up until I will win a fight. It gives a feeling of satisfaction and contentment. My self- esteem is leveled higher whenever I succeed a competition. For me it instigates my willingness to thrive more and work hard, for me not to be put to shame.I am also a hardworking individual, which is why I won the third place in the competition because I was diligent in practicing. I beat all of those men in the contest, even if they were men and symbolized strength, I still conquer them because I was very much eager to win and make others proud of me. I was very much encouraged to go and fight them. like in my chosen degree, I know I am going to meet obstacles or travails as I go along my studies but with the integrity and willingness that I have, I know I am going to survive the hindrances or difficulties I will be meeting along the way.I am a very social person, so my chosen course just fits me that much because in business and communication, one needs to have the ability to go along well with other; that is to socialize; to be able to fit into different groups, or social classes and different types of character. I am a risk taker, especially when I know that I am going to succeed in the end. I am willing to risk things, but on the other hand, I am willing to fight for it too.I like to try new things, things that excite me, like achieving. Having to achieve new thing, I know can bring felicity to my family. Like I said, I never settle for low quality. I always want the best of everything. For I believe that whatever your output is, totally reflects you. So when your output is of low quality, people will see you as an under achiever; a person who only settles for less.I am much interested to be in this degree because I know that National University of Singapore provides one of the best educations I can ever find. They don’t just focus on the academics but also with the totality of the being of their students. They set standards that other Universities do not have. I know I am going to have a great future ahead of me in this institution. I will always have this gratitude in my heart towards National University of Singapore because through them individuals who dreams of having jobs, those highly paid jobs can now fulfill their dreams. Those individuals will be given the hope to dream, and have a bountiful life while having the qualities of a good individual being admired by the society around him.

American Red Cross: Decision For New Building

The American Red Cross is one of the very busy organizations operating both inside the country as well as in international locations. But this does not impede the movement of the internal operation of the organization that ensures that the American Red Cross is always accessible and amenable to new developments that can help it perform better as an international aid and assistance organization. One of the recent internal decisions that the organization made was the transferring of some of its sections to another location from its former business address.The transfer will have South Central Division changing its office address, as well as key laboratory facilities and divisions of the American Red Cross including the National Testing Lab or the NTL as well as the Missouri-Illinois Blood Services Region. The previous office address of the three offices is found in 4050 Lindell Boulevard in St. Louis (American Red Cross Blood, 2008). Once the building is completed, they will transfer to a new office found in Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) campus.The start of the timeline of this project can be attributed to the time when a study conducted six years before the official announcement of the transfer was made, yielding results that include the identification of the need for important facelift in the buildings that houses important sections of the organization, including the blood manufacturing and blood processing section. The next important point in the timeline of this project came two years ago, marking the selection of the current location after a painstaking process of narrowing down prospective location candidates that will house the new building (American Red Cross, 2008).This decision no doubt has financial implications, including the identification of important and key costs that will surface before the project reaches completion. The two relevant costs for this particular decision of the American Red Cross to transfer to another establishme nt will include the cost of the construction of the building and the cost of the new technology that the American Red Cross will bring inside the building since the creation of the building is also a move to have the organization catch up with the available latest technology for its laboratories.While the American Red Cross has not yet identified the official cost of the project, the public may have an idea already if they will base it from the previous American Red Cross projects that involve the erecting of new buildings or the purchasing of existing establishment for the organization. In 1917, the group started shopping for its first national headquarters office, and the money that was used to pay for it came from the government and from private individuals and institutions.The result was a building budgeted at $854,897. 01. A memorial building for the organization followed in 1930, the cost of which pegged at $780,000. There is also the Fiftieth Anniversary Office Building which officially opened its doors on July 7, 1932 after the building project was completed to the tune of $850,000, again shouldered by the government and private groups.Considering the changes in the value of the US dollar and the current costs of building construction and the amenities of the said building, it is easy to say that the new building will amount to not less than 5 million US dollars at the very least (RedCross. org, 2008). There are also some non-relevant costs in this decision, two of which includes the costs of the operation of the American Red Cross for its outreach programs inside the country and for its international operation, and the costs of the education campaign that the American Red Cross is undertaking all year long.The costs of these two particular aspect of the American Red Cross operation is non-relevant to the recently-made decision because this aspect of the operation of the organization is in no way connected to the move of the American Red Cross, since t he move will only involve part of the organization’s laboratory work, including the installation of the equipment necessary for blood testing as well as blood manufacturing.All in all, the probable result(s) of this move will include the improvement of the operation of the group, as well as the shouldering of financial costs of the building if it is burdened to pay such amount in the long term. There are implications rising from this result(s), and it would include operation and financial implications made about by this development. References: American Red Cross (2008). Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. redcross. org/ American Red Cross Blood (2008).American Red Cross Blood Services Relocation Announcement. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://americanredcrossblood. org/News/NewsReleases/NewsReleaseViewer/tabid/97/ArticleID/120/CBModuleId/428/Default. aspx Handal, Kathleen A. (1992). The American Red Cross First Aid and Safety Handbook. American Red Cross. Boston: Litt le Brown. Red Cross. org (2008). Red Cross Square: Headquarters of the American Red Cross. Retrieved May12, 2008, from http://www. redcross. org/museum/history/square. asp

Talking About Times of the Day in Spanish

Talking About Times of the Day in Spanish Although you sometimes need to be precise when talking about times  in Spanish,  often an approximation will do. Thus, at the most basic, we can talk about la maà ±ana (morning), la tarde (afternoon or evening), and la noche (night). Here, roughly in ascending order, are some other common words or phrases for times of the day, including the prepositions that are often used with them. Times up to and Through Noon por la maà ±ana temprano - in early morning.  Correr por la maà ±ana temprano puede ser una excelente opcià ³n.  (Running in the early morning can be an excellent choice.) Note that here temprano functions as an adverb. It isnt an adjective, in which case the feminine form temprana would have to be used.al amanecer - at dawn.  ¿Por quà © cantan los gallos al amanecer?  (Why do roosters crow at dawn?)de madrugada - at dawn. Un terremoto de 5,6 grados de magnitud sacude de madrugada.  (An earthquake of magnitude 5.6 shook at dawn.)en las primeras horas del dà ­a - in the early daylight hours. En las primeras horas del dà ­a los rayos del Sol se reciben muy oblicuos. (In the first hours of daylight the suns rays are at an oblique angle.)a la hora de desayunar - at breakfast time. El error ms comà ºn que cometen las personas a la hora de desayunar es comer los alimentos tà ­picos para el desayuno, de los cuales estn altamente procesados y cargados de azà ºcar. (Th e most common mistake people make at breakfast time is to eat typical breakfast food, which is highly processed and loaded with sugar.) por la maà ±ana - in the morning. Somos un poco ms altos por la maà ±ana que por la noche.  (Were a little bit taller in the morning than late in the day.)a media maà ±ana - in midmorning. A media maà ±ana estar restituido el servicio elà ©ctrico en zona norte.  (Electrical service will be restored in the north zone in midmorning.)a mediodà ­a, al mediodà ­a - at noon, in the middle of the day. El euro sube hasta 1,25 dà ³lares a mediodà ­a. (The euro climbed to $1.25 at noon.)a la hora de almorzar - at lunchtime. El restaurante nuevo es una muy buena alternativa a la hora de almorzar en el centro de Santiago. (The new restaurant is a good alternative for lunchtime in downtown Santiago.)a la hora de comer  - at mealtime, at lunchtime. Las batallas con los ms pequeà ±os a la hora de comer pueden ser un estrà ©s para toda la familia.  (Battles with the littlest ones at mealtime can be stressful for the entire family.) Times for the Remainder of the Day a la hora de merienda, en la merienda - at tea time, in midafternoon A la hora de merienda prueba estas deliciosas barras de chocolate.  (Try these delicious chocolate bars in the afternoon.)de dà ­a - in the daytime. Durante los seis meses de dà ­a en el polo, el Sol se mueve continuamente cerca del horizonte.  (During the six months of daytime at the pole, the sun moves continually near the horizon.)durante el dà ­a - in the daytime.  ¿Quà © frutas debo comer durante el dà ­a para tener energà ­a?  (What fruits should I eat during the day in order to have energy?)por la tarde, a la tarde  - in the afternoon or evening. Una siesta por la tarde podrà ­a mejorar su inteligencia.  (A rest in the afternoon could improve your intelligence.)al anochecer - at dusk. Cinco planetas sern visibles al anochecer.  (Five planets will be visible at dusk.)al atardecer - at dusk.  Navegar por el Tajo al atardecer es una de las experiencias ms romnticas que se pueden disf rutar en Lisboa. (Boating the Tajo at dusk is one of the most romantic experiences you can enjoy in Lisbon.) a la hora de cenar - at dinnertime. No busques la tranquilidad a la hora de cenar.  (Dont look for quiet at dinnertime.)por la noche, por las noches - at night, in late evening. Despertarse por la noche no es considerado un problema para todas las familias del mundo. (Waking up at night isnt considered a problem for every family.)de noche - at night, in the late evening.  Soy de las que va a eventos sociales, sobre todo de noche.  (I am one of those who goes to social events, especially at night.)a la medianoche - at midnight. Al llegar a Nueva York a la medianoche, voy a viajar a Washington.  (After arriving at New York at midnight, Im going to travel to Washington.)

Simple French Verb Conjugations of Tondre (to Mow)

Simple French Verb Conjugations of Tondre (to Mow) Though  tondre  is the French verb thats often used for to mow, it can also be used for to shear or to fleece. While that may be pretty easy to remember, you will also need to know the conjugations of  tondre. This lesson will help you out and teach you to say things such as he is mowing or we sheered. The Basic Conjugations of  Tondre Tondre is a regular -re verb. While it is not the French languages most common conjugation pattern, there are other useful verbs in this category. Consider studying tondre along with words like entendre (to understand) or vendre (to sell) to make each a little easier to remember. Once you study a few regular verbs that end in -re, you will notice the pattern. For instance, in the  je  present tense, an  s  is added to the verb stem (tond-) to produce  je tonds  (I am mowing). Likewise, in the  nous  imperfect past tense, -ions  is the ending and it produces  nous tondions  (we mowed). Use the chart to study these basic indicative mood forms by matching the subject pronoun with the proper tense for your sentence. Present Future Imperfect je tonds tondrai tondais tu tonds tondras tondais il tond tondra tondait nous tondons tondrons tondions vous tondez tondrez tondiez ils tondent tondront tondaient The Present Participle of  Tondre As with all regular -re and -er verbs, forming the present participle of tondre is as simple as adding -ant to the stem. This gives you the word tondant. Tondre  in the Compound Past Tense The French compound past tense is known as the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  and it has two elements. The first is the present tense conjugate of the auxiliary verb  avoir  and the second is the  past participle  tondu. Putting the two together gives us phrases like  jai tondu  (I mowed) and  nous avons tondu  (we mowed). More Simple Conjugations of  Tondre You might also want to have questions about the act of mowing and that means you can use  tondre  in  the subjunctive. If, however, it is in some way dependent on something else (no rain, perhaps), then you can use  the conditional. Its most likely that you will only encounter  the passà © simple  and  imperfect subjunctive  in written French. Theyre both literary tenses and often reserved for formal literature rather than conversations. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je tonde tondrais tondis tondisse tu tondes tondrais tondis tondisses il tonde tondrait tondit tondt nous tondions tondrions tondmes tondissions vous tondiez tondriez tondtes tondissiez ils tondent tondraient tondirent tondissent Should you need to be forceful in telling someone to mow, use tondre in the  imperative. When doing so, skip the subject pronoun and simply tell them to Tonds ! Imperative (tu) tonds (nous) tondons (vous) tondez

Starbucks Cafe Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Starbucks Cafe - Assignment Example Today Starbucks Cafà © has divided its product into multiple segments. The first segment is its core customer base that visits the establishments on a weekly basis. These customers are the bread and butter of the business since the generated the firm most of its revenues. The second segment the company is targeting is Starbucks enthusiasts that want to incorporate a daily routine of Starbucks coffee drinking without the hassle of going to the store. The segmentation strategy has been accomplished by selling Starbucks coffee products at supermarkets. The third market segmentation is the penetration of Starbucks into the low end coffee market. The strategy was implemented without hurting the brand value of the company by rebranding Seattle Best Coffee. Seattle Best Coffee was a perfect product to compete with the new players in the gourmet coffee industry such as Dunking Donuts and McCafe. The new product could be sold at locations that Starbucks in the past did not visualize as suita ble for its products such as fast foods and cinemas.Sometimes in business choosing an accelerated growth strategy can have consequences in the long run. The company simply grew too fast. The company became so large that they saturated the United States market with too many coffee shops. The growth was amazing and its founder and the shareholders that invested in the firm from the start should be proud of their accomplishment. Now the problem lies in the expectations of the current and future shareholders. It is unrealistic to predict that Starbucks will ever return to the profit growth it once enjoyed. The organic growth model saw its demise in 2008. The firm will continue to generate good solid profits. It is highly possible for the firm to experience negative growth. Some stores have been closed already and I expect more stores to close down in the United States in the near future. The only way for the firm to achieve sales growth in the future is by expanding its international op erations. The company has to identify the best locations that offer a good balance between population size, customer income, low competition, and the high demand for coffee.

The oil and gas industry in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The oil and gas industry in China - Case Study Example China’s plight may have been averted. China government should have executed efficient corporate governance and guarantee that the oil and gas industry recognized it as a strategy for the government’s accountability to improve the legal, institutional and regular framework. Consequently, the corporations would ensure their operational performance and attract international capital in order to stabilize the domestic industry. This would have enabled the industry to keep up with the increased domestic demand and continue exporting of oil and gas. The Chinese government should have implemented the privatization of the oil and gas industry in order to encourage healthy competition. This would result in superior mining production of oil and gas enough for domestic use and export. From this case, we learn the pertinence of an efficient corporate governance model for companies in business. We also learn that a company’s success in both local and international business ope rations is largely attributed to international standards of corporate governance. We learn that businesses should be free of political interference to ensure success. Therefore, the separation of ownership and control of the main players of the oil and gas industry ensures companies are run with minimal influence from local party committees.As a business professional in 2012, it is vital to read this because the case study demonstrates to me a practical scenario of the effects on both the internal and external environments to a business.

Development Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Development Communication - Essay Example (Santos, 2005) Now, Philippine democracy is safe guarded by the country’s laws and other institutions which ensure that the freedom and liberty of Filipinos will be well protected. One of such institutions that serve to protect democracy in the Philippines is the Philippine media. Mass Media in the Philippines plays serves several roles. All of such roles are aimed at ensuring the continuance of a democratic society in the country. The value of media in the Philippines is very significant. The country’s history serves as a testament to the important role of media in the country specifically in the manner by which it helps uphold democracy in the Philippines. This paper aims to analyze the role of Philippine media in the country’s democratic society. Specifically, this paper aims to determine the ways by which media helps protect the rights and liberties of the Filipino people. Also, this paper will look back on the influence of media in the way by which Philippine democracy and government has evolved particularly in the last 30 years. Development communication theories will be utilized for the analysis. Such theories will be supplemented by various published literature that tackle the subject matter. Lastly, this paper will attempt to discuss the role of Philippine media in the eradication of corruption that has long impeded the country’s democratic way of life. The role that media plays in Asian countries is not as valuable as compared to Western countries. (Laird, 1999, p. 63) Moreover, media in Asia is more regulated than media in European and American countries. This is due to the fact that democracy is not as prevalent and wide spread in Asia as it is in other continents. However, globalization has slowly contributed to the evolution of media in Asia. In today’s time and age, Asian media has taken up a more valuable role. Western thought has slowly been integrated in Asian

Analysis Soft Drink Essay Example for Free

Analysis Soft Drink Essay 1Analysis of the U. S. soft drink industry, based on the competitive forces model of Michael Porter. In the soft drink industry the entry of new competitors depends on the barriers to entry that are present, and also the reaction from existing competitors that the entrant can expect. I will now analyze the six major sources of barriers to entry the soft drink industry. Economies of scale deter entry by forcing the entrant to come in at large scale and risk strong reaction from existing firms or come in at a small scale and accept a cost disadvantage. If a company wants to decline its unit costs of their product, they will have to produce more to lower the cost. The more you produce, the lower the costs. In the soft drink industry establishing firms have brand identification and customer loyalties. The brand name can have differences. This is a high barrier to enter. Entrants are forced to spend a lot to overcome existing customer loyalties. The capital requirements within this industry are very high. Production, distribution and advertising are a must to compete with the industry leaders like coca cola and Pepsi. So if a new The aluminum cans, plastic and glass bottles are pretty much dependant on the soft drink industry to survive in the business. This makes suppliers to have little power over the soft drink industry. The access to distribution channels is a high barrier because the most successful soft drink companies are aggressively spending their distribution channels and buying full ownership of bottling plants. Supermarkets are at present the largest channels in the U. S. and there the competition is very high. Switching costs is also a barrier to entry this business. Switching costs by changing from one supplier to the other may happened. Also employee training, new equipment, testing new technology. This things are common in this industry. This are barriers for new entrants.

Dionysus and the Unraveling of Ideologies in The Bacchae Essay

Dionysus and the Unraveling of Ideologies in The Bacchae    Some evaluations claim that the Dionysus appearing in The Bacchae is fairly true embodiment of the ideals of ancient Athens. He demands only worship and proper reverence for his name, two matters of honor that pervaded both the Greek tragedies and the pious society that viewed them. In other plays, Oedipus' consultations with Apollo and the many Choral appeals to Zeus reveal the Athenian respect for their gods, while Electra's need for revenge and Antigone's obligation to bury Polyneices both epitomize the themes of respect and dignity. Yet although Dionysus personifies these two motifs, his clashes with the rest of Athenian tradition seem to make him its true adversary. Dionysius distinctly opposes the usual views on gender, age, rationality and divinity, leaving the reader to wonder whether these contrasts were Euripidean attempts to illuminate specific facets of the culture itself. Examination of Dionysus's challenges should begin with The Bacchae's most obvious perversion of custom, the question of gender. As Dionysus indicates early in the play, the enraptured band of Bacchant followers is comprised only of females: "Every woman in Thebes-but the women only- / I drove from home" (35-36). Though Cadmus further illuminates the matter by raising the question, "Are we the only men / who will dance for Bacchus?" (195-196), the text offers no definitive explanation for why Dionysus calls solely upon the women. A superficial reading might suggest that Euripides attempted to portray the stereotypical "weaker sex" as the one "more susceptible to invasive passions than men, especially eros and daemonic possession," but more is probably at stake.   Ã‚  Ã‚   As Edith Hall ... ...ty since "things could happen in the real life of Athens which were virtually unthinkable in tragedy, and vice versa." Perhaps the safest assessment of Dionysus is that while not a direct opponent of the traditional ways, his presence, and especially his effect on other characters, serves to highlight many social norms. According to Bernad Knox, "From start to finish, Euripides was 'attempting to show citizens bred in the traditional views...that such conceptions of the gods should offend them.'" Perhaps we as readers will never fully understand the Dionysus that appears in this play, but a closing look at a remark of the Chorus may bring us a step closer to this understanding: --What is wisdom? What gift of the gods is held in honor like this: to hold your hand victorious over the heads of those you hate? Honor is precious forever. (877-881)

Theories of Aging

For this part of the assignment I am going to be describing two theories of ageing. Firstly I will be describing the Disengagement theory and then the Activity theory. I will then be comparing the similarities and differences between the two, and also writing up two case studies of older people and explain the development that occurs in older life, relating back to the theories I will have discussed. Firstly the theory of Social Disengagement, disengagement means a person’s withdrawal from involvement with anything. The theory was first put forward by two authors Cumming and Henry in 1961 who believed that it was natural for the elderly to withdraw from social involvement with others, due to having restricted opportunities to interact with other people. There are many issues that limit social interaction which results in disengagement. Some of these may be things like retirement, ill health, mobility, travel or technology. The theory of disengagement was widely accepted as other theorists such as Bromley (1974) agreed with the theory arguing that â€Å"although some individuals fight the process all the way, disengagement of some sort is bound to come, simply because old people have neither the physical not the mental resources they had when they were young. † Secondly the Activity theory, this theory argues that older people need to stay mentally and socially active to limit the risks of disengagement. Being active in older life can help people to overcome many of the problems and issues they will have to endure throughout the older lifestage. Being active can include taking part in sports and activities, joining clubs and groups to go on trips, outings, holidays and even simple things like continuing with hobbies such as gardening or walking the dog. Being active is very important for many reasons when a person is in the later years of life. It is believed that it’s not enough to simple provide facilities for older people they must be educated to make use of them and encouraged to abandon fixed habits. The main argument for the activity theory is that disengagement can ultimately result in loss of physical and mental skills due to lack of practice. My first case study is of a man named Howard Lane, he died aged 75 years old and had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s 9 years earlier. Over the 9 years his condition seriously deteriorated. Howard had had a very active life with various jobs such as a Clerk of Works at Par Docks, a mental nurse and other physically demanding roles. He had been married for 52 years and had two grown up children, a daughter Jennie who had two children and a son Richard who had four children. Howard was a very involved grandparent throughout the whole of his grandchildren’s lives until his condition deteriorated so badly he couldn’t even tell who they were anymore. As Howard reached retirement he remained a very engaged active person despite the label he was now given as being ‘old. ’ He very much fitted the role within the activity theory, regularly exercising, seeing his family, keeping in contact with them in a number of ways. He and his wife had a particular passion for ballroom dancing†¦ they had won competitions! He had a very healthy appetite, and had never smoked or drank at all throughout his life. Although Howard had always been healthy and had no previous health issues and had stayed active throughout his final lifestage he still developed the disease Alzheimer’s. As the illness progressed Howard gradually changed as a person. He became forgetful, got confused easily, and as he began to seriously deteriorate he became violent at times, physically incapable of doing things for himself, he would forget things that had happened and who people were. Further into his illness Howard became more and more disengaged. His whole life had changed due to the process of ageing along with the unfortunate illness he had. Not only had the disengagement affected Howard as a person it was also affecting a lot around him. Firstly the most obvious effect it was having was on Howard’s family. They began to be constantly worry about him therefore would be constantly in contact asking him if he was ok. It also put a large amount of stress on his wife Vera, and because she was in her older age as well she found it very hard to deal with the stress she was under. By the time Howard was the age of 71 Vera had no other option but to put Howard in a nursing home so he could receive the care that he needed. Due to Howard’s illness Vera had now become disengaged, she had spent all of her time looking after her husband, worrying about him and visiting him constantly. Another major factor that affected Vera’s stress was the fees she had to pay at the nursing home. She was very worried about the scale of the costs and was worried about having to sell her home. She had gradually lost contact with her friends and had no time for any personal hobbies or even time to properly look after herself and because of this Vera had become stressed and run down and was finding caring for Howard very hard to cope with. Her biggest worry and fear constantly being how she would cope with it if Howard died. Bereavement is usually hard to cope with for the elderly especially disengaged people, they are likely to feel more isolated and alone and this is what Vera was frightened of. In actual fact Vera died suddenly in December 2003, shortly followed by Howard June 2004. By this time Howard had no understanding of anyone around him as he had little response to anything, therefore he did not grieve for his wife as he didn’t even understand that she was gone. Their family described it as a blessing because in this way Vera never had to cope with the bereavement of losing her partner and neither did he. Overall retirement did have a positive effect on Vera and Howard to begin with. They had more freedom to be active, pursue their hobbies, spend time together, and with their loved ones. However old age brought ill health which caused Vera and Howard to disengage and become isolated from others which continued to bring ill health and stress. My second case study is about a woman named Ruth Cohen. Ruth Cohen is an 84 year old woman, she had previously been a teacher for nearly 40 years. Ruth has one son of 60 who has two daughters Lisa and Issie, Lisa has a son of 17. Ruth is a very old woman and has a number of health problems including arthritis, high blood pressure, and sight and hearing problems. However Ruth has lead a very healthy and active retirement. Since Ruth has retired she has done voluntary work for a number of charities and her local church as she is a very religious woman. Even in her late 70’s Ruth attends church every Sunday and helped to run the local Sunday school. She regularly met her friends from church to go out for tea. She tries to visit her children and grandchild as much as she can however due to her eyesight she cannot drive anymore so her only way of seeing them is to get the bus. In her old age, Ruth despite still being so active has become quite frail and is frightened easily therefore tries to avoid going to places with people she doesn’t know, she tends to stay in her own village, go to the same shops and see the same people every day. Ruth was married for 60 years to James, unfortunately 14 years ago James passed away due to a heart attack. Ruth obviously had a hard time with the loss of her husband of 60 years however because of the lifestyle Ruth led she managed to carry on with her life and avoided becoming disengaged and easily accepted the support and help of ther whereas a lot of people cannot do so so easily. Because of Ruth’s personality and the way she was her family didn’t feel like they had to constantly worry about her and they knew she would be getting on fine without their constant care. However Ruth is getting rather old now so they do visit more frequently and her granddaughter Issie bought her a dog to keep her compan y and occupied. As Ruth entered her 80’s the physical ageing process could no longer be avoided and began to take over her life. She became very weak and could only walk with a Zimmer frame, she became increasingly isolated in her home due to mobility issues and although people did visit she began to feel lonely and depressed. This case study is perfect evidence of the disengagement theory. Although Ruth remained active and dealt with the bereavement she endured and her health issues it was inevitable that age caught up on her, she lead a fulfilling retirement and kept up all of her routines and hobbies as long as she physically could but eventually her mobility limited her life and effected her emotionally as well as physically. Theories of Aging For this part of the assignment I am going to be describing two theories of ageing. Firstly I will be describing the Disengagement theory and then the Activity theory. I will then be comparing the similarities and differences between the two, and also writing up two case studies of older people and explain the development that occurs in older life, relating back to the theories I will have discussed. Firstly the theory of Social Disengagement, disengagement means a person’s withdrawal from involvement with anything. The theory was first put forward by two authors Cumming and Henry in 1961 who believed that it was natural for the elderly to withdraw from social involvement with others, due to having restricted opportunities to interact with other people. There are many issues that limit social interaction which results in disengagement. Some of these may be things like retirement, ill health, mobility, travel or technology. The theory of disengagement was widely accepted as other theorists such as Bromley (1974) agreed with the theory arguing that â€Å"although some individuals fight the process all the way, disengagement of some sort is bound to come, simply because old people have neither the physical not the mental resources they had when they were young. † Secondly the Activity theory, this theory argues that older people need to stay mentally and socially active to limit the risks of disengagement. Being active in older life can help people to overcome many of the problems and issues they will have to endure throughout the older lifestage. Being active can include taking part in sports and activities, joining clubs and groups to go on trips, outings, holidays and even simple things like continuing with hobbies such as gardening or walking the dog. Being active is very important for many reasons when a person is in the later years of life. It is believed that it’s not enough to simple provide facilities for older people they must be educated to make use of them and encouraged to abandon fixed habits. The main argument for the activity theory is that disengagement can ultimately result in loss of physical and mental skills due to lack of practice. My first case study is of a man named Howard Lane, he died aged 75 years old and had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s 9 years earlier. Over the 9 years his condition seriously deteriorated. Howard had had a very active life with various jobs such as a Clerk of Works at Par Docks, a mental nurse and other physically demanding roles. He had been married for 52 years and had two grown up children, a daughter Jennie who had two children and a son Richard who had four children. Howard was a very involved grandparent throughout the whole of his grandchildren’s lives until his condition deteriorated so badly he couldn’t even tell who they were anymore. As Howard reached retirement he remained a very engaged active person despite the label he was now given as being ‘old. ’ He very much fitted the role within the activity theory, regularly exercising, seeing his family, keeping in contact with them in a number of ways. He and his wife had a particular passion for ballroom dancing†¦ they had won competitions! He had a very healthy appetite, and had never smoked or drank at all throughout his life. Although Howard had always been healthy and had no previous health issues and had stayed active throughout his final lifestage he still developed the disease Alzheimer’s. As the illness progressed Howard gradually changed as a person. He became forgetful, got confused easily, and as he began to seriously deteriorate he became violent at times, physically incapable of doing things for himself, he would forget things that had happened and who people were. Further into his illness Howard became more and more disengaged. His whole life had changed due to the process of ageing along with the unfortunate illness he had. Not only had the disengagement affected Howard as a person it was also affecting a lot around him. Firstly the most obvious effect it was having was on Howard’s family. They began to be constantly worry about him therefore would be constantly in contact asking him if he was ok. It also put a large amount of stress on his wife Vera, and because she was in her older age as well she found it very hard to deal with the stress she was under. By the time Howard was the age of 71 Vera had no other option but to put Howard in a nursing home so he could receive the care that he needed. Due to Howard’s illness Vera had now become disengaged, she had spent all of her time looking after her husband, worrying about him and visiting him constantly. Another major factor that affected Vera’s stress was the fees she had to pay at the nursing home. She was very worried about the scale of the costs and was worried about having to sell her home. She had gradually lost contact with her friends and had no time for any personal hobbies or even time to properly look after herself and because of this Vera had become stressed and run down and was finding caring for Howard very hard to cope with. Her biggest worry and fear constantly being how she would cope with it if Howard died. Bereavement is usually hard to cope with for the elderly especially disengaged people, they are likely to feel more isolated and alone and this is what Vera was frightened of. In actual fact Vera died suddenly in December 2003, shortly followed by Howard June 2004. By this time Howard had no understanding of anyone around him as he had little response to anything, therefore he did not grieve for his wife as he didn’t even understand that she was gone. Their family described it as a blessing because in this way Vera never had to cope with the bereavement of losing her partner and neither did he. Overall retirement did have a positive effect on Vera and Howard to begin with. They had more freedom to be active, pursue their hobbies, spend time together, and with their loved ones. However old age brought ill health which caused Vera and Howard to disengage and become isolated from others which continued to bring ill health and stress. My second case study is about a woman named Ruth Cohen. Ruth Cohen is an 84 year old woman, she had previously been a teacher for nearly 40 years. Ruth has one son of 60 who has two daughters Lisa and Issie, Lisa has a son of 17. Ruth is a very old woman and has a number of health problems including arthritis, high blood pressure, and sight and hearing problems. However Ruth has lead a very healthy and active retirement. Since Ruth has retired she has done voluntary work for a number of charities and her local church as she is a very religious woman. Even in her late 70’s Ruth attends church every Sunday and helped to run the local Sunday school. She regularly met her friends from church to go out for tea. She tries to visit her children and grandchild as much as she can however due to her eyesight she cannot drive anymore so her only way of seeing them is to get the bus. In her old age, Ruth despite still being so active has become quite frail and is frightened easily therefore tries to avoid going to places with people she doesn’t know, she tends to stay in her own village, go to the same shops and see the same people every day. Ruth was married for 60 years to James, unfortunately 14 years ago James passed away due to a heart attack. Ruth obviously had a hard time with the loss of her husband of 60 years however because of the lifestyle Ruth led she managed to carry on with her life and avoided becoming disengaged and easily accepted the support and help of ther whereas a lot of people cannot do so so easily. Because of Ruth’s personality and the way she was her family didn’t feel like they had to constantly worry about her and they knew she would be getting on fine without their constant care. However Ruth is getting rather old now so they do visit more frequently and her granddaughter Issie bought her a dog to keep her compan y and occupied. As Ruth entered her 80’s the physical ageing process could no longer be avoided and began to take over her life. She became very weak and could only walk with a Zimmer frame, she became increasingly isolated in her home due to mobility issues and although people did visit she began to feel lonely and depressed. This case study is perfect evidence of the disengagement theory. Although Ruth remained active and dealt with the bereavement she endured and her health issues it was inevitable that age caught up on her, she lead a fulfilling retirement and kept up all of her routines and hobbies as long as she physically could but eventually her mobility limited her life and effected her emotionally as well as physically.