Business Plan for Start-Up

Business Plan for Start-Up The business Plan. Synopsis. For this assignment we as a group have been asked to produce a business plan with supporting analysis and justification. The aim of the business plan is to focus on convincing the company stakeholders of the viability of your company start up. The justification includes evidence relating to the rigour of the product selection and the content of our plan. Introduction. A business plan is a written documentation of which describes the business, the objectives of the business, its strategies, the market of which the business is in and the financial forecasts. The business plan has many functions, from securing external funding to measuring the success with the business itself. It essential when starting up a business for a business to have a realistic working business plan. Our business plan is a statement of intent and provides details on how we as a company are going to develop our business, when we are going to do it, whos going to play a part and how we as a group will manage the money. The Business Plan. The executive summary: Our company is a Young Enterprise company trading in imported and homemade products for the product market. We as a company aim to produce and sell a variety of greeting cards and candles of which are homemade to the general public. An aging population will enhance demand for specific card types. The types of cards that there may be an increased demand of cards that there may be an increased demand for include: Retirements Anniversary Birthdays Christmas Easter Valentines Day, mothers and fathers day cards Handmade cards are likely to continue growing in popularity as card sender seek more and more to express their own individuality. The business, its products and services: The business. ASGO4 is a unique candle and cards selling company we offer a variety range of products which include all sorts of various candles and cards for any all kind of special occasions to meet all needs. The company ASGO4 consists of 5 dedicated members who aim to grow this company to achieve a successful business. Product and services. We have a wide range of cards to suite various needs and for all special occasions, i.e. birthdays, anniversarys, valentine and exams. Exam congratulation cards and best wishes for courses can have a wide range of market; these cards will have a good selling point within Staffordshire University. (Refer to appendix 1.) Competition comparison ASG04 products contain many features that distinguish them from those produced by competitors. ASGO4 products are handmade and are to suite all special occasions. The quality of the candles and cards are produced at a magnificent level, even to the untrained eye, which makes ASGO4 products more realistic. ASGO4 are unique and offer a wide range of candles, not many similar products is available in the domestic market. Technology ASGO4 products are mainly handmade some of the products produce by, ASGO4 will be provided by wholesalers, these products that are produced by wholesalers will be produced at a professional level. Future products ASGO4 aim to turn into a successful business, by providing a wide range of candles and cards to meet all requirements. The candles that are provided by ASGO4 have a potential market, as they can be used for many special occasions. What benefits its offers. ASGO4 products offer great benefits to its customers because what we provide to you cannot be provided to you from else where. Customers would buy our products because our products are different compared to whats already available on the market, so this makes ASGO4 more appealing to its customers. Product facilities The main facility, we will use is the market store, within our market store e will have a wide range of space to display our products, we will use tables and colourful table cloths which we will hire, we will use the table cloths to make our tables of display colourful and appealing. Some candles and cards will be hand made by the members of the ASGO4, but these will be simple products, we will do this simply to widen our range of products. Information technology Information technology is of a part of the almost every business day to day life. We will use a promotional information technology tool which will done by are of our class colleagues, he will promote our company ASGO4 and this will create awareness of our company, what we offer and where we are based in Newcastle. The markets and competitors: There are a number of competitors of which we have to consider, the types of candle competitors of which we have to consider are: Johnson Wax Glade known as air-care candles. Bousius (UK) Ltd. Dane. Yankee Candle Ltd. British Candlemakers Federation. Colony Gift Corporation Ltd. Prices Patent Candle company Ltd. The types of card competitors of which we have to consider are: Birthdays. Clintons. Hallmark. Card Factory. Marketing and sales: Market Segmentation Enhancement candles unscented Retail sales of unscented candles were  £48 million in 2000, a rise of 27% over 1996. They account for 50%, by value, of the enhancement sector, compared with a share of 62% in 1996. Figure 7 provides trends since 1996. Growth within the unscented candles sector is decelerating, as purchase of scented candles becomes more popular. Unscented candles include coloured household candles, which can be used as ornaments as well as for lighting. Many are purchased to match household dÃÆ' ©cor, as well as to create a relaxing ambience during dinner parties. Enhancement candles scented It is the fragranced candle sector which is fuelling growth within the candles market overall. Retail sales of scented candles are estimated at  £48 million for 2000. This demonstrates a rise of 106% since 1996. Scented candles account for an estimated 34% of the total candle market and 50% of the enhancement sector by value. Functional candles tea lights Tea lights have reached the mature stage of the product lifecycle, being one of the first candle variations to be introduced into the UK after traditional white household candles. For this reason, value market growth is set to slow over the next few years, although they remain popular as they are so versatile. In 2000, tea light sales were  £27 million, a 10% increase on 1996. They accounted for some 19% of all candle sales in 2000, which is a decline of 6 percentage points since 1996, reflecting a drop in price points rather than usage. Emergency candles Retail sales of emergency candles (primarily white household candles) are declining slowly and were  £4 million in 2000. This compares to almost  £7 million in 1996. Mintel s consumer research indicates that as many as 18% of housewives had either bought or received white household candles within the six months to January 2001, although not all will have been bought for emergency use only. Figure 10 demonstrates trends since 1996. Air care candles Air-care candles designed for freshening air/masking odours are increasing in popularity. According to Mintel s consumer research, around a third of housewives use candles as air fresheners in 2001 and one quarter claim to have bought or received scented candles made by air freshener companies. The air-care candles market was worth  £14 million in 2000, almost three times the value of 1996 sales. It is still at the growth stage of the product lifecycle, with many of the products being relatively new. Figure 11 provides trends in the air-care candles market between 1996 and 2000. Target market segment strategy Target market: Enhancement candles scented Scented candles have experienced a considerable growth in popularity since 1998, with 63% of housewives having purchased or received them during the six months prior to the survey. This reflects trends within the market place generally. A quarter of candles purchased or received are scented. Consequently, our company aims to import and sell scented candles since the scented candle is the most popular and profitable candle category so far. Candle industry Major factors influencing the market The candles market is influenced by a number of factors. Purchased primarily by women, the growth in the number of women working has impacted positively on candles sales, because of a subsequent increase in discretionary income and financial independence. There has been a shift in lifestyle patterns, with a growing trend towards alternative healthcare and aromatherapy, and a revival in the popularity of pot pourri and incense, all of which have had a positive influence on candle sales, especially within the fragranced sector. There are also seasonal variations, with garden candles naturally performing better in the summer during usage of barbecues, or Christmas candles with special Christmas colours and fragrances for the Christmas period. Changes in the age structure of the population have also served to boost sales of certain candle types. For example, the young age group has expanded, boosting sales of the more fashionable floating candles which have a high purchase rate among this age group. Industry participants (Main competitors) Colony Gift Corporation Ltd Colony Gift Corporation is the UKs leading quality candle manufacturer and claims to be the largest producer of scented candles in Europe. Colonys turnover in 1999 was  £22 million, up 21.5% on 1998 turnover of  £18.1 million. It employs more than 460 people and its brands are available in over 70 countries. Prices Patent Candles Company Ltd The company produces candles and related accessories. It offers a wide range of candles for all occasions, including: scented and aromatherapy; outdoor lighting; Christmas and Easter; as well as decorative candles and the more traditional church-style candles. Yankee Candle (Europe) Ltd Yankee candles are positioned as premium-quality, giftworthy candles for the purpose of home fragrancing. Fragrances are numerous and include sage and citrus, spiced apple, honeysuckle, French vanilla and spiced pear. Bolsius (UK) Ltd Bolsius (UK) Ltd is owned by NLD Bolsius International BV. The company has been active in the UK for over 15 years. Only about 40% of the companys output is sold through retail outlets, while approximately 25% of sales are to religious institutions and 35% to the catering trade. Johnson Wax Johnson Wax is owned by the US company SC Johnson Son Inc and is a major player in a number of household goods products, notably household cleaning agents and polishes. The company leads the air freshener sector, with most of its marketing effort placed behind the Glade brand. (Refer to the business justification Ansoff product/market matrix and Boston matrix to assess marketing and business development strategies). The team skills: Within ASGO4 there is in total five dedicated staff members of whom all have different roles within the business itself. Below is a list of the roles each of the staff members have and also entails a description of what they are responsible for within the roles and what types of skills are required for each of the roles: Team skills should identify the strengths of the teams the plans to deal with any obvious weakness. Leadership. Managing director is ultimately responsible for the other members of staff, shareholders of the business; the managing director needs to exercise all of the leadership skills as well as diplomacy fairness strength. A managing director is responsive for encouraging teamwork. Administration. Company secretary are responsible for the co -ordination, communication organisation of all the areas relating to our company ASGO4. The specific roles of being the companys secretary include the following Completing registration documents Keeping the share register Keep records Administrating company meetings Organising agendas minutes Finance. Finance director is responsible for financial resource management, it is the job of the finance director to keep track of the money and also need to plan, know and record where the money is coming from, whos got it and where its going. All financial transitions should be recorded by the financial director and to communicate financial progress to members of the team. Other roles of the financial director includes doing the banking and work a alongside with the company secretary on the company share and responsibilities to shareholders. The financial director is also responsible for calculating and paying the young enterprise and corporation tax. Marketing. Marketing director need to use their innovation and creative skills in taking a key role in identifying market and opportunities as well as defining product or service charlatanistic. The main responsibilities include PR and advertising for the company, as well as carrying out market research and customer observation to help to maintain customer satisfaction. Operations. Operations director are responsible for product and service development, their role is the ensure that a method of operation is decides and organise the production of the company products and service, an operations director is responsible for purchasing raw materials, stock, supply and demand of finished items. Health and safety of the other staff members and customers should be one of the operation director concerns. The operation: ASGO4 will buy candles from its wholesalers and then put its products on the market, we will use a market store in Newcastle market, and we will display all our products there within the market. Newcastle market is amongst one of the biggest markets in Stoke-On -Trent, so this enables us to target a wide range of audiences this will make our products more appealing as there are huge crowds in the market that we could attract. The main advantage of our locations is that as Newcastle market is one of the busiest markets to people from all background and different social class attend this market and this is a great opportunity to take advantage of this because we will have a wide range of audiences. Financial forecasts: After financial forecast, such as cash flow and Profit and Loss Account, we have just started our business ASG04. And we are only preceded in one month preceded January 2005. Our business is running slow. So, it will take time to pick up. We have a good target market in Newcastle market. We have a wide range of target range in this aspect. Newcastle market is amongst one of the busiest open market in Stoke-On-Trent. We only have a few expenses, such as motor petrol, premises and equipment hire. As our expenses are very low, this allows us to increase our profit margin. Because of low expenditure, we have a low cost that means our price of product will not be set very high. Our business will have enough working capital to survive because of our low cost. We intended to raise a huge amount of money as our product attracts a wide range of target audience. We expect to make a substantial amount of profit as we proceded without business. (Refer to appendix 2.) Business Justification. A business plan is produced to convince shareholders, banks to invest into our business. The concept of the business is purchasing pre-produced products i.e. candles and some cases producing products. The products that will be sold will be aimed to various age groups. In order for the business to see success and make a profit it is important to ensure that costs are kept to a minimum. the business will focus on selling various types of candles i.e. scented, unscented, floating etc. our products bought from manufactured will not be sold as they are, they will be bundles and sold as gift packs for example. This methods makes the product unique and be able to make a profit. For example, 1 large candle will cost the business approximately 60p. If the product was sold as apart of a set of various candles i.e. sizes, colures and sold for  £5.00. This one candle may make a profit of excess of  £2.00. Researching into this product and market is important, so the company is able to forecast its success. It is clear there is a market for this product. The correct location is also important. As the products will be sold on a market stall, our company will see less overhead costs compared to high street stores. Above shows a table showing the sales of scented candles between 1996-2000. This information is important so that company is able to see the changing trends over time. Un-scented candles are not as popular as scented candles. These products often uses to create a desired atmosphere and also used for show. Increasing sales can only mean that there is a demand for these types of products. This project has no major overhead expenses. Our main expense will be renting the stall that will cost approximately  £16 per week. As no other major resources are required for example water, electric, our costs will be kept to a minimum and be able to transfer bargains to our customers. Analysing the business plan there is a big chance for success with this project. Sales for these products are increasing every year and the public are looking for new products to buy. Demand for candles are created by women and often purchased more by women. With busy, stressful lifestyles combined with working, looking after families has created an environment for candles. The below illustrates UK manufacture sales between 1996 and 1999. It shows that there is a drop in sales in the UK. In 1999 it shows that sales were down to  £1.57 per candle. Source: candles UK April, 2001 Ansoffs product/market The Ansoffs product-market matrix helps to understand and assess marketing or business development strategy. ASG04 is able to use Ansoffs product matrix to see what mix strategic options to use. Product development is developing or finding new products to take to an existing market. This is a strategy if the company has a strong market share in a particular market. Developing products are often a very expensive process. In this case, ASG04 does not have any market share, but with the product being sold are in demand and play apart of the market share in the UK. A business should try not to have any Dogs, but focusing on cash cows, problem child and stars that need to be kept in a kind of equilibrium. Funds generated by cash cows are used to turn problem child into stars that may turn into cash cows. Boston matrix. The Boston matrix model is a tool for assessing existing and development products in terms of their market potential. Our products lay between stars and soon to be turning into cash cows. The market already exists and has various types of candles that are sold. ASG04 is purchasing ready produced candles and developing them by making them more appealing to the public to buy.

Independent Spirit Essay :: essays research papers

There can be a difference between a dependent and independent spirits. Independent spirits can be found in everyone and how your independent spirit can help others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A person with an independent spirit can take care of him or herself. Being a person with an independent spirit can be good: set your own rules and regulations, do jobs and chores whenever you want to, and do whatever you feel like doing. With an independent spirit, you have a lot of freedom. But with a dependent spirit, a person would have limitations and restrictions. A child would have a dependent spirit, relying on his or her parents to help guild and nurture. But, with a dependent spirit, a person wouldn’t feel the effects of an independent spirit. An independent spirit would have the stress to work for a living, take care of any children, and payoff bills and other deductions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone has an independent spirit. Some haven’t found it yet, some used it in his or hers everyday life, and some don’t even know that they have one. Young children would be an example of a person who hasn’t found it. An adult uses it everyday to get by, to take responsibility for his or hers actions and words. And a person lack abilities to take care of him or herself wouldn’t know if he or she had an independent spirit, because he or she may have had special attention at a young age, all the way to adulthood, but didn’t know how.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With your independent spirit, you can teach and help people how to find their independent spirit. It can help others by going through daily routines. By doing this, he or she can get a feel on how to take care of him or herself.

Assignment: Human Rights Essay

Answers for 10 marks questions should be written within 350 – 450 words. Answers for 8 marks questions should be written within 250– 350 words. Answers for 5 mark questions should be writtenwithin 150 – 200 words. Answers for 2 mark questions should be answered as per the requirement. ___________________________________________________________________ Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions. 1. What are the three parts of the concept of equality? Discuss on Gender Equality. (2 + 8 = 10 marks) 2. Describe biodiversity and cultural diversity. (5 + 5 = 10 marks) 3. Explain Article 24 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. (10 marks) 4. Discuss derogable and non-derogable rights. (10 marks) 5. Discuss Salmond’s views on duties and rights. (10 marks) 6. Explain Multilateral Treaties. (10 marks) 1. What are the three parts of the concept of equality? Discuss on Gender Equality. (2 + 8 = 10 marks) Three Parts of concept of equality are as under. 1 Gender Equality 2. Economic Equality 3. Social Equality Gender Equality Gender equality has been defined by the various world bodies in terms of human rights, specially the right woman and economic development. Gender equality has been defined by UNCEF as â€Å"Leaving the playing fields for girls and woman by ensuring that all children have equal opportunity to develop their talent†. It has been declared by the United Nation Population Fund that woman has right to equality. â€Å" Gender equity† is one of the goals of the United Nations millennium project the project claims , â€Å"Every single goal is directly related to woman’s right, and societies where woman are not afforded equal rights as men never achieved development in sustainable manner.† In late 19th centuries the suffragette movement started in western countries who achieved gender equality major focus on property rights in marriage, gender liberation and feminism that resulted in changes made in to the laws. Now movement continued to focus on change in attitude of society on specific issues. That has led to make another changes in lawa related to anti sex discrimination. It was also seen a cultural shift in the attitude to equality in education opportunity for both boys and girls and also resulted in changes to social view regarding equal pay for equal work for both men and woman. Now it can be seen in so many countries that woman are working in the areas that were primarily considered to be man’s work like woman are working in Army, police, aviation and fire fighters. It has also been seen that men are also associated to the work that was meant for woman only. Another change has been seen that in most countries woman have stopped taking the surname of her husband. Though these changes are more common in western countries but lot has to be done in nonwestern countries as far as change in attitude of society towards gender equality. I believe that continuous movement will definitely help to change the attitude of society towards gender equality 2. Describe biodiver sity and cultural diversity. (5 + 5 = 10 marks) Biodiversity It defines as a degree of variation of life forms within a society or ecosystem. Biodiversity is necessary for existence of healthy ecosystem.In modern world lot of changes in ecosystem is being made by human that is directly affecting in negative to the ecosystem that is resulting in to unbalancing the ecosystem that subsequently lead to extinction of some to many species in longer period of time. It has been seen that some species are not existing or extinct from the planet and it can be thought that it was never discovered. Lots of changes are being made in terms of cutting the trees, urbanization leads to destroy of forest leading to unbalanced ecosystem. Efforts are also being made in terms of lots of movement like eco-feminism, social ecology and concept of unity in diversity. Unity in diversity is basic attribute of healthy eco – communities. Cultural diversity There are so many cultures in planet with different traditions that basically creates cultural diversity. People are generally understands and learn different cultures and traditions when they meet each other. Lots of multicultural events are organized intra and inter countries manner that leads to helping people to understand different cultures and traditions. Sometime it is being seen that people don’t believe in the multicultural activities because they are afraid of losing their identity in form of their culture. Here conflict arise that if diversity is considered as threat to the preservation of one’s own tradition. To overcome this issue it is important to study these tradition and reexamine the cultural practice to avoide such conflicts this might help in clearing various misconceptions and offer resolution to contemporary conflicts. These studies will help to understand that why cultures and traditions are important for the human existence Every individual or human being should try to understand the cultural diversities in his own society then to region and countries .A person should be beware of adopting any maladaptive institution which is distractive for human psyche itself. 3. Explain Article 24 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. (10 marks) Convention of the rights of child was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by general assembly resolution 44/25 of 20th nov. 1989 and enterd in to force on 2nd sept 1990 in accordance with article 45. Overview of the article is as under 1. Children shall have the right to such protection and care as is necessary for their well-being. They may express their views freely. Such views shall be taken into consideration on matters which concern them in accordance with their age and maturity. 2. In all actions relating to children, whether taken by public authorities or private institutions, the child’s best interests must be a primary consideration. 3. Every child shall have the right to maintain on a regular basis a personal relationship and direct Contact with both his and her parents, unless that is contrary to his or her interests. Article 24 of the convention on the rights of the rights of the child can be explained as given below. 1 State parties recognize the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation of health.State parties shall strive to ensure that no child is deprived of his or her right of access to such health care services. 2. State parties shall persue full implementation of this right and shall take appropriate measures – A. To diminish child and infant mortality B . To ensure the provision of necessary medical assistance and health care to all children with emphasis on the development of primary healthcare C. To combat diseases and malnutrition, including within the framework of primary healthcare D To ensure appropriate prenatal and post natal healthcare for mothers. E To develop preventive healthcare, guidance for parents, and family planning education and services. 3. State parties shall tke all effective and appropriate measures with a view to abolish traditional practices prejudicial to the health of children. 4. State parties undertake to promote and encourage international cooperation with a view to achieving progressively the full realization right recognized in present article. In this regard, particular account shall be taken of the needs of the developing countries 4. Discuss derogable and non-derogable rights. (10 marks) When rights are discussed we considered them as absolute and non derogable because of their importance and also because they are so basic in constituting the human worth of the individual. The term ‘non-derogable’ is generally used in a legal context to stipulate those rights specified in a treaty that states cannot violate under any circumstances. These differ from derogable rights. However, there are certain rights that are considered to be ‘non-derogable,’ meaning that states have no legal basis, even in a state of emergency, to refuse to honour these rights. The right to life and rights protecting against torture generally fall within this category in most international human rights treaties and as part of customary international law, although others can be included depending on the treaty in question. There are some rights which are considered to be very sacred and indispensable and thus no derogation from the is permitted – Right to life Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life. —Article 6.1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Freedom from torture Torture is prohibited under international law and the domestic laws of most countries in the 21st century. It is considered to be a violation of human rights, and is declared to be unacceptable by Article 5 of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Freedom from slavery Freedom from slavery is an internationally recognized human right. Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Right to a fair trial Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. * the right to be heard by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal * the right to a public hearing * the right to be heard within a reasonable time * the right to counsel * the right to interpretation Freedom of speech Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak freely without censorship. The term freedom of expression is sometimes used synonymously, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. In practice, the right to freedom of speech is not absolute in any country and the right is commonly subject to limitations, such as on libel, slander, obscenity, incitement to commit a crime, etc. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion Freedom of religion Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. —Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 5. Discuss Salmond’s views on duties and rights. (10 marks) According to Salmond view ‘A duty is an obligatory act, which is to say, it is opposite of which would be a wrong. Every duty has a corresponding right. As example: A purchaser has right to buy the products from seller and seller has a duty to give the products to purchaser. According to Austin, Some duties are absolute. Those do not have a corresponding right. Such as, Not to commit a suicide or duty towards god etc. However, this view is criticizes by Gray, Pollock and Salmond. According to a Salmond, â€Å"There can be no duty without a right any more than there can be a husband without wife or a parent without a child† Types of Duty: Legal duty: A legal duty is an act which is opposite of legal wrong & which recognized by the law as duty is called Duty. Violation of this duty can bring up punishment on violator. Moral Duty: A moral duty is created by nature which is opposite of moral wrong. Sometimes a duty can be both legal & moral. Not to steal is moral & legal duty. At last, we can say that Right have a duty & if the duty cannot be maintain then it will be a Wrong. Rights By analyzing this view we can say that what is the rule right. The term ‘rule of right’ means that rule of those act which act is not harmful or conflict to people opinion. like wrongs and duties, are either moral & legal. Moral right is recognized by the rule of morality & violation of this would be a moral wrong and legal right is recognized by the rule of law & violation of this would be a legal wrong. CONCEPT OF MORAL RIGHT Moral rights are rights, which are not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular society or polity. That means the right which are not recognized by law is called ‘Moral right’. As example obeying parents & teacher is moral right but not legal. If someone violate the moral right then there have no punishment or damage for it. The right, which has corresponding moral duty, is also called a moral right. As example, to get respect from the juniors in age is a moral right of the seniors, which is recognized by the society. On the other hand, the senior has a moral duty to adore the juniors, which is also a moral right of the juniors. According to Salmond on Legal right â€Å"Right is an interest recognized and protected by rule of right. It is any interest, respect for which is a duty, and the disregard of which is wrong†. 6. Explain Multilateral Treaties. (10 marks) A multilateral treaty is a written agreement between three or more sovereign states establishing the rights and obligations between the parties. They often result in international conference or gathering of nations done under the auspices of international organizations. Bilateral treaties, by contrast are negotiated between a limited number of states, most commonly only two, establishing legal rights and obligations between those two states only. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Geneva Conventions are the examples of multilateral treaties. Multilateral treaties lay down general norms of international laws or to deal in a general manner with matters of general concern to other state as well as to the parties to the treaties. Generally multilateral treaties are signed between groups of countries. Major objective to sign treaty is to ensure smooth exchange of the goods between the group countries that will lead them to develop their economy that in turn will help to increase quality of life of the people. There are more than 500 treaties have been signed between 193 members of United Nations. These treaties can draw a law framework also on the international platform that will help other non-member and member nations to do trade between them. Generally multilateral treaties are described sometimes as law making treaties but cannot be enforced as a strict rule for future agreements or for creating some international institution. Multilateral treaties neither can nor bound non signed member to abide by rules unless it creates the customary rule on international law. In this context we can say multilateral treaties can be used for law making but can not be true in every time as it does not bound nonsigned member to go by the treaty law but if treaty has been done between large group and rules made in the treaty are as per the regime of law then it can be used or described as law making treaties but this character in not with every multilateral treaty, example of law making treaty was General Treaty for Renunciation of war of August 27 1928. It is to be noted that multilateral treaty accepted an enforced by a limited number of states cannot create a general norm of international law. The codification process of international law admits of a widespread agreement upon norms and if this requirement is not fulfilled it is difficult to call that a particular multilateral treaty has created a general norm of international law.

Ares The Greek God of War and Violence

Ares is a war god and god of violence in Greek mythology. He was not well-liked or trusted by the ancient Greeks and there are few tales in which he plays a major role. Cults of Ares are found mainly in Crete and the Peloponnese where the militaristic Spartans honored him. Athena is also a war goddess, but was well-respected, as a polis protector and goddess of strategy instead of Ares forte, mayhem, and destruction. Ares appears in what one might call bit parts, overshadowed by heroes or other gods, and in many battle scenes in Greek mythology. In the Iliad, Ares is wounded, treated, and returns to the fray. The Family of Ares Thracian-born Ares is usually counted the son of Zeus and Hera, although Ovid has Hera produce him parthenogenically (like Hephaestus). Harmonia (whose necklace turns up in stories of Cadmus and the founding of Thebes), the goddess of harmony, and the Amazons Penthesilea and Hippolyte were daughters of Ares. Through Cadmus marriage to Harmonia and the dragon Ares sired that produced the sown men (Spartoi), Ares is the mythological ancestor of the Thebans. Mates and Children of Ares Famous People in the House of Thebes: CadmusOedipusDionysusPentheus Roman Equivalent Ares was called Mars by the Romans, although the Roman god Mars was much more important to the Romans than Ares was to the Greeks. Attributes Ares has no unique attributes but is described as strong, harnessed in bronze, and golden helmeted. He rides a war chariot. The serpent, owls, vultures, and woodpecker are sacred to him. Ares had unsavory companions like Phobos (Fear) and Deimos (Terror), Eris (Strife) and Enyo (Horror). Early depictions show him as a mature, bearded man. Later representations show him as a youth or ephebe (like Apollo). Ares is a god of warfare and murder. Some Myths Involving Ares Adonis:  Ares rather than Artemis is sometimes said to have been responsible for the death of Adonis. He either sent a boar or was himself one. [Source: Carlos Parada]Aphrodite and Ares:  One of the most famous stories involving Ares is his being caught in flagrante delicto with Aphrodite. Although the lovers were caught in a net in a compromising position, the gods watching envied Ares.Ares and the Giants:  Ephialtes and Otos, sons of the Giant Aloeus, put Ares in chains and into a cauldron where he was stuck until Hermes rescued him. In the war against the giants, Ares slew the giant Mimas (Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 3. 1227 ff)Cadmus and the founding of Thebes:  Cadmus slew the dragon of Ares and, on the advice of Athena, planted its teeth. From the sown teeth armed men sprang up ready to fight. All were killed but five who were known as the sown men or Spartoi. Apollodorus says Cadmus served as a laborer for Ares for a year as atonement for the killing. Halirrhothios Murdered by AresDionysus and the Return of Hephaestus (The Failure of Ares) Homeric Hymn to Ares: The Homeric Hymn to Ares reveals the attributes (strong, chariot-riding, goldern-helmeted, shield-bearer, etc.) and powers (savior of cities) attributed by the Greeks to Ares. The hymn also places Mars among the planets. The following translation, by Evelyn-White, is in the public domain. VIII. To Ares(17 lines)(ll. 1-17) Ares, exceeding in strength, chariot-rider, golden-helmed, doughty in heart, shield-bearer, Saviour of cities, harnessed in bronze, strong of arm, unwearying, mighty with the spear, O defence of Olympus, father of warlike Victory, ally of Themis, stern governor of the rebellious, leader of righteous men, sceptred King of manliness, who whirl your fiery sphere among the planets in their sevenfold courses through the aether wherein your blazing steeds ever bear you above the third firmament of heaven; hear me, helper of men, giver of dauntless youth! Shed down a kindly ray from above upon my life, and strength of war, that I may be able to drive away bitter cowardice from my head and crush down the deceitful impulses of my soul. Restrain also the keen fury of my heart which provokes me to tread the ways of blood-curdling strife. Rather, O blessed one, give you me boldness to abide within the harmless laws of peace, avoiding strife and hatred and the vi olent fiends of death.Homeric Hymn to Ares Sources: Ancient sources  for Ares include Apollodorus, Apollonius Rhodius, Callimachus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Diodorus Siculus, Euripides, Hesiod, Homer, Hyginus, Nonnius, Ovid, Pausanias, Plutarch, Vergil, Statius, and Strabo.